光周期对冬小麦穗分化的影响

目的]了解光周期对小麦穗分化的影响。方法]以泰山9818、泰山21、4133J、30等小麦品种为材料,采用盆栽方式,进行不同时间日照的光周期处理,研究光周期对冬小麦穗分化的影响。结果]J30是光周期敏感型品种,泰山9818、4133、泰山21是光周期不敏感型品种。光周期敏感型品种的生长短日照时受到抑制,护颖至小花分化期的天数最小,二棱期的出现、通过及雌雄蕊的出现受到的抑制最强烈。光周期不敏感型品种受8 h短日照的抑制程度要明显小于光周期敏感型品种,二棱初期、雌雄蕊原基分化期及雌雄蕊-抽穗期受到的抑制最强烈,其次是二棱初期-护颖分化期。大穗型品种泰山9818受短日照的抑制程度明显大于多穗品种泰山21、4133。结论]穗分化的某一阶段不能作为小麦通过光照阶段的标志。

Influence of Photoperiod on the Ear Differentiation of Winter Wheat

Objective] The study aimed to know about the influence of photoperiod on the ear differentiation of wheat.Method] In the pot test,the wheat varieties such as Taishan 9818,Taishan 21,4133 and J30 were treated by photoperiods with different sunshine time so as to study the influence of photoperiod on the ear differentiation of winter wheat.Result] J30 was the variety sensitive to photoperiod and Tanshan 9818,4133 and Taishan 21 were the varieties insensitive to photoperiod.The variety sensitive to photoperiod got inhibition on growth in short sunshine,had least days of differentiation stage from glume to flowerlet,got strongest inhibition in the stages while the double ridge stage appeared and was passed and the pistil and stamen appeared.The inhibition degree of short sunshine for 8 h on the varieties insensitive to photoperiod was obvious less than that on the variety sensitive to photoperiod.The inhibition was strongest in initial double ridge stage,differentiation stage of pistil and stamen primordia and pistil and stamen-heading stage,secondary in double ridge-glume stage.The inhibition degree of short sunshine on large-spike variety Tanshan 9818 was obviously bigger than that on multi-spike varieties Tanshan 21 and 4133.Conclusion] A certain stage during ear differentiation couldn't be as the sign of wheat passing sunshine stage.