华东27个地方鸡品种(品系)的遗传变异

应用30个微卫星标记对华东27个地方鸡品种（品系）进行了遗传多样性分析，计算了多态信息含量、平均杂合度和遗传距离等遗传参数，并用类平均法进行了聚类分析。结果表明：平均杂合度最高的是河田鸡，为0．6870，最低的是狼山鸡，为0．6170；27个地方鸡品种（品系）的杂合度都较高，反映了这些品种的多种多型；各品种的平均遗传距离反映了各品种分化时间的长短；UPGMA的聚类分析将27个品种（品系）聚为10类：丝绒乌骨鸡、济宁百日鸡、河田鸡、安义瓦灰鸡、仙居鸡、江山乌骨鸡、溧阳鸡、金湖乌风鸡、灵昆鸡、余干乌骨鸡、康乐鸡、萧山鸡、琅讶鸡、淮北麻鸡、淮南三黄鸡为第1类，白耳鸡为第2类，浦东鸡为第3类，崇仁麻鸡与丝羽乌骨鸡为第4类，狼山鸡与寿光鸡为第5类，鹿苑鸡、东乡绿壳蛋鸡、汶上芦花鸡各独自聚为第6、7、8类，鲁西斗鸡与宁都三黄鸡聚为第9类，漳州斗鸡独自聚为第10类。通过微卫星标记对华东27个地方鸡品种（品系）遗传变异的分析说明这些地方品种的遗传多样性极其丰富，各具特色，应促进资源优势向经济优势转化。

Study on Genetic Diversity of 27 Indigenous Chicken Breeds or Strains in East China

The genetic diversity of twenty-seven indigenous chicken breeds or strains in east China was detected with thirty microsatellite markers with high polymorphisms.The genetic parameters of mean polymorphic information content(PIC),mean heterozygosity(H),and Nei's standard genetic distances(Ds) were calculated.The clustering dendrogram was obtained eventually based on Ds genetic distances of thirty microsatellite and UPGMA method.The results were as follows: the mean heterozygosity of Hetian chicken was the highest(0.687 0),and that of Langshan chicken was the lowest(0.617 0),and that in other breeds or strains was also more than 0.6,which reflected their rich diversity.The Ds genetic distances suggested the longer differentiation.UPGMA tree was obtained through analysis of Ds genetic distance,twenty-seven indigenous chicken breed were clustered into ten groups based on the dendrogram.In the tree,Velutinate silky,Jining bairi,Hetian,Anyi wahui,Xianju,Jiangshan silky,Liyang,Jinhu silky,Lingkun,Yugan silky,Kangle,Xiaoshan,Langya,Huaibei ma and Huainan sanhuang were first grouped together;Baier and Pudong chicken had their own branch respectively;Chongren ma and Silky were fourth grouped;Langshan and Shouguang were fifth grouped;Luyuan,Dongxiang green eggshell and Wenshang barred chicken had their own branch respectively;Ningdu sanhuang and Luxi game chicken were ninth grouped;the last group was only Zhangzhou game chicken.According to those breeds or strains having their own characteristics and rich diversity based on the analysis of their genetic diversity,we should rationally explore their superiorities.