麦田昆虫群落的多样性与时间生态位研究

系统调查新乡麦田昆虫群落并对群落组成水平和时间生态位进行测定,结果表明,群落结构较为丰富,物种数为59种,隶属11目,39科.群落的物种数、多样性指数、均匀度、丰富度和优势度均随着调查时间而变化.优势种为麦长管蚜、麦圆叶爪螨和龟纹瓢虫.在害虫中以条斑叶蝉时间生态位宽度最大;在天敌中以麦蚜茧蜂时间生态位宽度最大,其次是龟纹瓢虫;害虫之间以棉铃虫与麦长管蚜的重叠最大,其次为麦圆叶爪螨与小麦叶蜂;天敌之间以异色瓢虫与七星瓢虫重叠最大;天敌与害虫之间以棉铃虫与异色瓢虫重叠最大,次为棉铃虫与七星瓢虫.

Diversity and Temporal Niche of Insect Community in Wheat Field

The insect community in a common wheat field of Xinxiang city was investigated on structures and temporal niches. The results showed that the insect community was diverse with 59 species of insects of 39 families in 11 orders. The number of species,diversity indices,evenness,richness and dominance varied with the time. The dominant species were Macrosiphum avena,Penthaleus major,and Propylea japonica. Among the pests Psammotettix striatus had the widest temporal niche breadth. Among the natural enemies,Ephedrus plagiato has the widest temporal niche breath; the second was P. japonica. Among the pests,Helicoverpa armiger and M. avenae overlapped with the largest extent in temporal niche breath,and the second group of overlapping belonged to P. major and Dolerus tritici. Among the natural enemies,Coccinella septempunctata and Leis axyridis overlapped with the largest extent in temporal niche breath. Comparing the temporal niche breadths of the pests and natural enemies,H. armigera and Leis axyridis overlapped in the largest extent.