氮肥追施方式对不同类型土壤玉米养分吸收及利用的影响

2010~2012年在吉林省中部地区(公主岭)和西部地区(白城)通过田间试验,研究追施氮肥方式对不同类型土壤玉米产量、养分吸收和利用的影响。结果表明,与一次性基施氮肥处理相比,2次追施氮肥处理和3次追施氮肥处理均显著的提高玉米产量,公主岭试验点提高幅度为5.4%~12.0%,白城试验点提高幅度为5.2%~10.0%。在不同追肥方式中,垄沟追施氮肥处理玉米产量均高于垅侧追施氮肥处理,提高幅度为1.4%~2.0%。适宜的氮肥追施方式可以提高玉米养分吸收总量和氮肥农学利用率、氮肥当季回收率、氮肥偏生产力等指标,与一次性基施氮肥处理相比,2次追施氮肥处理和3次追施氮肥处理上述指标均有显著提高,其中公主岭试验点以N(2∶1∶2A)两次垄沟追氮处理最高,白城试验点分别以N(2∶1∶1∶1A)3次垄沟追氮处理最高,2次追施氮肥处理与3次追施氮肥处理间差异不显著。

Effect of Nitrogen Topdressing on Maize Nutrient Absorption and the Using of Different Soil Types

The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of maize yield, nutrient uptake and utilization on different soil types in dressing nitrogen application in middle region (Gongzhuling and Baicheng of Jilin province in 2010-2012). The result showed that the one-time base nitrogen treatment significantly improved maize yield when it compared to secondary and tertiary treatment of nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer treatments, with the in-creasing rate of 5.4%-12.0% in Gongzhuling, and 5.2%-10.0% in Baicheng. In different dressing ways, maize yield of the treatment of dressing in furrow were better than the treatment of beside the furrow with increase rate of 1.4%-2.0%. The suitable ways of dressing N application could increase the total nutrient absorption, N agriculture utiliza-tion, N recovery utilization partial factor productivity of applied and so on, compared with the treatment of one-time base nitrogen, the treatment of secondary dressing and tertiary dressing significantly improved, the value of N (2: 1: 2A) in Gongzhuling and N (2: 1: 1: 1A) in Baicheng were maximum, however, between the treatment of secondary dressing and tertiary dressing were not significant.