中国分布四倍体野生草莓的调查研究

我国是世界上野生草莓资源最丰富的国家,世界上3个四倍体野生草莓种仅分布在我国或绝大部分分布在我国,分别是东方草莓(Fragariaorientalis Lozinsk.)、西南草莓F.moupinensis(Franch.)Card.]、伞房草莓(F.corymbosa Lozinsk.)。对我国分布有四倍体野生草莓资源的东北、西北、西南地区进行了考察收集,从收集资源中鉴定出13份四倍体野生草莓,经鉴定分属上述3个种。对它们的叶片形状和大小、匍匐茎幼苗着生类型、茸毛着生状态、果实和种子特征等主要分类性状进行了详细描述和比较,使这些同倍性且分布区域又有交叉的种更易于区分。这3个四倍体均存在雌雄异株,并收集到它们的雌株和雄株标本,其中四倍体伞房草莓和西南草莓在国内是首次发现雄株并观察记载其性状。

Study on the tetraploid Fragaria species distributed in China

China has more wild strawberry resources than any other country in the world. There are 3 tetraploid species, Fragaria orientalis Lozinsk., F. moupinensis (Franch.) Card., and F. corymbosa Lozinsk., only or mostly distributed in China. In this paper, 13 wild tetraploid strawberry accessions were collected from Northeast, Northwest and Southwest China and identified as these 3 species. Their taxonomic traits including shape and size of leaves, types of plantlets formed on runners, status of hairs on petioles, runners and peduncles, characteristics of fruit and seeds etc, were described and compared in order to identify them clearly. There was dioecism among 3 tetraploid species and their specimens of male and female plants were collected, of which the male plants of F. corymbosa Lozinsk. and F. moupinensis (Franch.) Card. were first discovered and described in detail in China in this report.