Assessing phenotypic,biochemical, and molecular diversity in coriander (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Coriandrum sativum</Emphasis> L.) germplasm |
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Authors: | Pedro A López Mark P Widrlechner Philipp W Simon Satish Rai Terri D Boylston Terry A Isbell Theodore B Bailey Candice A Gardner Lester A Wilson |
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Institution: | (1) Campus Puebla, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km. 125.5, Carr. Federal México Puebla, Puebla, Pue., C.P. 72760, Mexico;(2) Plant Introduction Research Unit, USDA-ARS North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, Agronomy Hall, Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1170, USA;(3) USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA;(4) DNA Quality Assurance, Seed Science Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA;(5) Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Food Sciences Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA;(6) New Crops and Processing Technology Research, USDA-ARS-NCAUR, Peoria, IL, USA;(7) Snedecor Hall, Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA |
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Abstract: | Our goals for this research were to elucidate phenotypic and biochemical diversity in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) populations maintained at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station in Ames, IA, and examine relationships
between amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and patterns of phenotypic and biochemical diversity. Phenotypic
and biochemical traits were evaluated, and analyses of variance and mean comparisons were performed on the resulting data
sets. Euclidean distances from phenotypic (PD) and biochemical (BD) data were estimated, and modified Rogers’ distances (RD)
were estimated for 80 polymorphic AFLP markers. These data were subjected to cluster analyses (CA) and principal components
analyses (PCA), to reveal patterns among populations, and to analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) for grouping patterns
from PD and BD by using the 80 polymorphic AFLP markers. Resulting phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular distance matrices
were also compared by applying Mantel tests. Our results describe significant differences among populations for all the phenotypic
traits, and dendrograms obtained from PD and BD revealed complex phenetic patterns, as did groups from PCA. The primary seed
essential oils and nearly all fatty-acid components were identified and their abundance measured; the primary chemical constituents
of corresponding PCA groups are described herein. Molecular evidence supported phenotypic and biochemical subgroups. However,
variation attributed among subgroups and groups was very low (∼4–6%), while variation among populations within groups was
intermediate (∼24–26%), and that within populations was large (∼69–70%), reflecting weak differentiation among subgroups and
groups, which was confirmed by values for fixation indices. Phenotypic subgroups described in this study differed somewhat
from previous infraspecific classifications. Weak correlations were found between the phenotypic and biochemical matrices
and between the biochemical and AFLP matrices. No correlation was found between the phenotypic and AFLP matrices. These results
may be related to coriander’s phenotypic plasticity, its wide range in lifecycle duration, its predominantly allogamous reproductive
biology, a human-selection process focused on special traits that may be controlled by few genes, and the widespread trade
of coriander seeds as a spice, which may result in dynamic, poorly differentiated molecular variation, even when phenotypic
and biochemical differentiation is easily documented.
The U. S. Government’s right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged. |
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Keywords: | AFLP Analysis of Molecular Variance Biochemical Profile Coriandrum sativum Cluster Analysis Gas Chromatography Analysis Phenotypic Traits Principal Components Analysis |
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