不同亲本细胞质源对甘蔗杂交后代主要性状的影响

利用4个不同细胞质源的甘蔗亲本配成正反交组合,在对杂种后代进行SSR-PCR真伪鉴别的基础上,对不同组合后代的不同性状进行t检验和差异性比较。结果表明:这7对正反交组合后代的株高、茎径和有效茎数均差异不显著,仅有一对父母本细胞质源相同的正反交组合后代叶绿素含量差异较大;当以细胞质源为Bandjarmasim Hitam的不同亲本作母本时,子代黑穗病发病率较低,为18.8%和18.9%;当以细胞质源为Badila的崖城58-47作母本时,子代黑穗病发病率较高,为28.8%和28.4%。以细胞质源为Black Cheribon的不同亲本作母本时,其后代真杂种率在91.7%~98.8%之间,而以细胞质源为Bandjarmasim Hitam和Kaludia Boothan作母本时,得到真杂种率低于70%的后代群体。说明虽然甘蔗主要农艺性状的细胞核遗传占主导地位,但是不同细胞质源仍在花粉育性和抗病性等方面发挥作用。本文研究了不同细胞质源的甘蔗亲本与甘蔗主要性状遗传表现的相关性,为甘蔗育种利用优异细胞质源以及进一步从分子水平上研究和发掘甘蔗优异细胞质基因奠定基础。

Effects of Different Parental Cytoplasm Source on Main Characters in Sugarcane Hybrid Progenies

Sugarcane varieties with four different cytoplasmic sources were used to combine reciprocal crosses. The characters of various hybrid progenies were analyzed by t test and variance analysis after distinguishing true and false of the hybrid progenies with SSR-PCR. The results showed that, there were not significant difference in height, diameter and number of productive tiller among the 7 pairs of progenies of pros and cons combinations, but the concentration of chlorophyll had a significant difference in only one hybrid progenies from that the cytoplasmic sources of parents was the same. As the female parent containing Bandjarmasim Hitam cytoplasmic source was used to cross, the incidence of smut in offsprings were lower with 18.8% and 18.9% respectively, but when the female parent was YC58-47,containing Badila cytoplasmic source, the incidence of smut in offsprings were highter with 28.8% and 28.4% respectively. The true rate of hybrid progeny with 91.7-98.8% as using the female parent containing Black Cheribon cytoplasm source compared that with less than 70% as the female parent containing Bandjarmasim Hitam and Kaludia Boothan cytoplasmic source. The results suggested that although nuclear genetic was the dominant in the major agronomic traits of sugarcane plant, but cytoplasmic source also play a role in pollen fertility and disease resistance, et al.In this study, the relationship between the parents with different cytoplasmic sources and genetic performance of major agronomic traits in sugarcane was discussed, the result should be provide scientific basic for use of sugarcane breeding with excellent source of cytoplasm, and further researching and exploring of excellent cytoplasm gene on molecular level.