宁夏中部干旱带农村居民点空间分布研究

文章借助GIS空间分析技术和数据统计方法，分析了宁夏中部干旱带农村居民点空间分布特征及其与环境的关系。研究表明，研究区农村居民点的空间分布形态主要表现为团状、串珠状、环状、树枝状、星点状等形式。研究区农村居民点具有“整体分散，相对集中”的空间结构特征。移民点是研究区农村居民点的重要组成部分，其空间分布差异明显：平原灌区及山区库井灌区移民点规模最大，而山区、丘陵及台地移民点规模较小。研究区农村居民点空间分布与区域环境关系密切，地形地貌、交通条件、水资源、经济发展水平等是影响农村居民点空间分布格局的主要因素。研究结果对宁夏中部干旱带农村土地利用规划及生态移民工程的顺利进展提供一定的依据和参考。

Study on Spatial Distribution of Rural Settlements in Central Arid Zone in Ningxia

This paper, using GIS spatial analysis technology and data statistical method, analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of the rural settlements in central arid zone in Ningxia, and its correlation with the environment. The results showed that the spatial distribution form of the rural settlements in the studied area had group structure, beaded structure, cyclic structure, dendritic structure and so on, and presented an “overall dispersion, relative concentration” characteristic. An important part of the study on rural settlements was the new immigrants settlements, which had a clear difference on spatial distribution: settlements in the irrigated plain districts and mountainous districts with irrigation by reservoir or well had the largest scale, while settlements in mountains, hills and platform area had smaller scale. The spatial distribution form of the rural settlements was closely related to the regional environment, and the main influencing factors were topography, traffic conditions, water resources and the level of economic development. The result of the study could provide references for rural land use planning in central arid zone in Ningxia and the implementation of ecological immigrant project.