设施蔬菜根区土壤分层施肥机械化技术研究应用

在农业生产中，化肥有着不可替代的作用，但是它的过量施用是造成农业面源污染问题不断加剧的重要原因之一。本文研究试验了一种设施蔬菜根区分层施肥机械化技术及装备，该技术及装备的应用可以满足温室狭小空间作业条件，设计Y字型旋耕刀可以更好的破摔土壤，旋耕深度可达20厘米以上。同时设计分层施肥机构，可以在土壤耕层3-18厘米形成圆柱状肥区，有效减少设施蔬菜种植中化肥的使用量，避免由于侧边施肥和作物根部趋肥性对蔬菜根系生长带来的影响，同时保证肥料持续就近供应植株，提高肥效，达到减施增效的目的。该机械在青萝卜种植中进行了试验示范，撒施效率对比传统人工作业提升54.3%，化肥使用量减少37.8%，青萝卜产量和营养物质含量略有增加。

Research and application of mechanized technology for layered fertilization of root zone soil in facility vegetables

In agricultural production, chemical fertilizers play an irreplaceable role, but their excessive application is one of the important reasons for the worsening problem of agricultural non-point source pollution.This article studies and tests a mechanized technology and equipment for layered fertilization in the root zone of facility vegetables. The application of this technology and equipment can meet the working conditions of greenhouse narrow spaces. The design of a Y-shaped rotary tiller can better break through the soil, and the depth of rotary tillage can reach more than 20 centimeters.At the same time, a layered fertilization mechanism can be designed to form a cylindrical fertilizer area in the soil cultivation layer of 3-18 centimeters, effectively reducing the amount of fertilizer used in facility vegetable cultivation, avoiding the impact of side fertilization and crop root fertilization on vegetable root growth, and ensuring the continuous supply of fertilizer to plants nearby, improving fertilizer efficiency, and achieving the goal of reducing application and increasing efficiency.This machine has been tested and demonstrated in the cultivation of green radish, with a 54.3% improvement in spraying efficiency compared to traditional manual operations, a 37.8% reduction in fertilizer usage, and a slight increase in green radish yield and nutrient content.