混合施肥对玉米生产和土壤生态的影响研究进展

过量的化肥投入对增产的作用已经不明显，如何提高肥料利用率，如何在稳产的同时提高耕地质量，确保农业可持续发展，已成为国家农业战略调整行动方案的主要内容。梳理秸秆、粪污、新型有机肥料和化肥施用对我国玉米种植的应用研究现状，就化肥减施条件下各有机措施和化肥的混合施肥对玉米生产和农田土壤的研究成果进行综述。在技术和政策层面，提出以提高耕地综合生产力为目标，依靠技术引领肥料高效利用，按照增产潜力做好区域性的施肥管理建议，粪污无害化处置后的有机肥应纳入当地政府还田实施项目中的优先采购产品，促进本地循环农业良性发展。

Research Progress on Effects of Mixed Fertilization on Maize Production and Soil Ecology

Excessive fertilizer use has shown diminishing returns on maize yield. Improving fertilizer utilization, enhancing soil quality while maintaining stable yields, and ensuring sustainable agricultural development have become pivotal in the National Agricultural Strategy Action Plan. This paper systematically sorted out the current research on the application of straw, new organic fertilizers and various organic nutrients in maize cultivation. It comprehensively reviewed the effects of various organic measures on maize yield and farmland soil under the condition of fertilizer reduction, providing basic research support for the advancement and dissemination of integrated fertilization technologies. Finally, at the technical and policy level, suggestions were put forward to improve the comprehensive productivity of cultivated land, rely on technology to lead the efficient utilization of fertilizer, and do a good job in regional fertilizer management according to the potential of increasing production. It was emphasized that organic fertilizer after harmless disposal of manure should be included in the priority procurement products of local government''s farmland return implementation projects, so as to promote the sustainable development of local circular agriculture.