水肥耦合对干热河谷冬春番茄产量及其品质的影响

干热河谷等"热区"以其充足的光照及相对较高的温度为冬春季蔬菜生产提供了重要条件,合理的水肥管理是保障区域蔬菜产业可持续发展及农业环境安全的重要举措.为提高西南热区特色作物水肥管理能力,巩固北方冬春蔬菜供应链,设置不同灌溉量(4469.10、2253.60、1806.70 m3/hm2)和施氮量(240、210、180、...

Coupling Effects of Water and Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Winter and Spring Tomato in Dry-hot Valley

“Hot region” with sufficient light and relatively high temperature provide important conditions for vegetable production in winter and spring. Reasonable water and fertilizer management is an important measure to ensure the sustainable development of vegetable industry and the safety of agricultural environment in this region. The purpose of our experiment is to improve the water and fertilizer management ability of special agriculture crop in the hot region of southwest China, to reinforce the supply chain of winter and spring vegetables in north China. The field experiment of tomato in winter and spring was carried out in Yuanmou dry-hot valley, two factors of different irrigation ration (4469.10, 2253.60, 1806.70 m³/hm²) and different nitrogen application amount (240, 210, 180, 150 kg/hm²) were set to analyze the coupling effect of water and nitrogen on tomato yield, quality, water and fertilizer use efficiency. With the reduction irrigation ration, the weight of single tomato significantly increased (P<0.05), but no significant difference in yield (P>0.05), the fruit diameter and the size of stem also significantly increased (P<0.05), sugar content and lycopene content of tomato significantly decreased (P<0.05), and water use efficiency significantly improved (P<0.05). Application amount of nitrogen fertilizer significantly influenced the size of stem (P<0.05). The coupling effect of water and nitrogen significantly affected the sugar content and lycopene concentration (P<0.05). The yield and quality of tomato were more restricted by water supply and less affected by nitrogen fertilizer. The results indicated that there were excessive irrigation and fertilization in the traditional plantation mode of tomato in winter and spring in Yuanmou, the water and fertilizer management strategy with lower water (irrigation ration of 1806.70 m³/hm²) and medium nitrogen (180 kg N/hm²) could ensure the production of tomato, effectively improve water use efficiency, produce tomatoes with better quality, and reduce the risk of environmental pollution.