4个抗枯萎病香蕉品种果实性状和品质比较

香蕉枯萎病是危害全球香蕉产业发展的主要病害,选育抗病品种是控制枯萎病的有效措施,而开展抗病香蕉品种的果实特性及品质研究是选育和推广抗病品种的基础。本研究通过以巴西蕉为对照,对4个香蕉枯萎病抗性品种的果实特性、果实品质及感官评价进行分析。结果表明,‘中蕉9号’的单穗重、果梳数和果指直径显著高于巴西蕉,单株产量比巴西蕉增加21.9%,而‘南天红’和‘南天黄’的单穗重、果梳重及果指数均显著低于巴西蕉,‘中蕉4号’的果实性状则与巴西蕉无显著差异。‘南天红’的含水量显著高于巴西蕉,其他3个品种的含水量则与巴西蕉无显著差异。‘中蕉4号’的可食用率显著高于巴西蕉,其他3个品种的可食用率与巴西蕉无显著差异。‘中蕉9号’的果实硬度和维生素C含量显著低于巴西蕉,而可溶性固形物含量则显著高于巴西蕉。‘中蕉9号’和‘南天红’的单宁含量显著低于巴西蕉,‘南天黄’的单宁含量则显著高于巴西蕉。‘南天红’和‘中蕉9号’的果肉色泽、气味、甜味及口感等感官评价显著高于巴西蕉,其他2个品种则与巴西蕉无显著差异。隶属函数法综合分析表明,4个抗枯萎病香蕉品种的综合表现可分为3个等级,‘南天红’和‘中蕉9号’为第1等级,‘中蕉4号’为第2等级,‘南天黄’为第3等级。综上,‘中蕉9号’的单株产量高、综合性状优异,可进一步开展大面积的示范推广。

Comparing the Fruit Characteristics and Quality of Four Fusarium Wilt-Resistant Varieties of Banana

Banana Fusarium wilt is the main disease threatening the development of the banana industry worldwide.Breeding resistant varieties is an effective measure to control Fusarium wilt.In this study,the fruit characteristics,fruit quality,and sensory qualities of four Fusarium wilt-resistant varieties of banana were analyzed,using Brazil banana as the control.‘Zhongjiao 9’had a significantly higher ear weight,combs kept number,and fruit diameter,and its yield per plant was 21.9% higher than that of Brazil banana.The ear weight,combs kept number,and fruit number of both‘Nantianhong’and‘Nantianhuang’were significantly lower than those of Brazil banana,while these same characteristics in‘Zhongjiao 4’were not significantly different from those of Brazil banana.The water content of‘Nantianhong’was significantly higher than that of Brazil banana,while tha of the other three varieties was not significantly different from that of Brazil banana.The edible rate of‘Zhongjiao 4’was significantly higher than that of Brazil banana,but there was no significant difference between the edible rate of the other three varieties and that of Brazil banana.Both fruit hardness and vitamin C content of‘Zhongjiao 9’were significantly lower than corresponding values of Brazil banana,while the soluble solid content was significantly higher than that of Brazil banana.The tannin content of‘Zhongjiao 9’and‘Nantianhong’was significantly lower than that of Brazil banana,while the tannin content of‘Nantianhuang’was significantly higher than that of Brazil banana.Sensory evaluation of flesh color,smell,sweetness,and taste of‘Nantianhong’and‘Zhongjiao 9’revealed values that were all significantly higher than the corresponding values of Brazil banana,while the other two varieties showed no significant difference from Brazil banana in terms of these parameters.From the results of a comprehensive analysis using the membership function method,the comprehensive performance of the four Fusarium wilt-resistant banana varieties could be divided into three grades:‘Nantianhong’and‘Zhongjiao 9’constitute the first grade,‘Zhongjiao 4’constitute the second grade,and‘Nantianhuang’constitute the third grade.In conclusion,‘Zhongjiao 9’has a high yield per plant and excellent comprehensive characteristics,which can be further demonstrated and popularized in a large area.