竹叶兰花器官发育过程及生理特性研究

本研究通过解剖形态学观察,并检测主要代谢物质、抗氧化酶活性以及内源激素含量的变化,阐述竹叶兰花器官发育特征及生理特性,为新花卉作物的开发利用提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）广州地区户外栽培条件下,竹叶兰全年可开花,为总状花序,单朵次第开花,整枝花期188 d;（2）根据花器官发育特征分为5个时期：花芽分化期、萼片伸长期、合蕊柱发育期、花瓣着色期及花朵绽放期,单花发育仅需32 d;（3）进入生殖生长后,可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白含量均显著上升,可溶性糖含量最高,其次为可溶性蛋白;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性呈平稳上升趋势;（4）生长素（IAA）、赤霉素（GA₃）含量在营养生长期持续上升,在花芽发育期呈先下降后上升趋势;与之相反,脱落酸（ABA）含量在花芽分化期显著上升,在花芽发育后期下降;推测竹叶兰体内低水平的IAA、GA₃和高水平的ABA可能对花芽分化起重要调控作用。

Organ Development and Physiological Characteristics of Arundina graminifolia(D.Don)Hochr.

In this study,we observed the anatomical and morphological characteristics of the flower organs and detected the changes of metabolite content,antioxidant enzyme activity,and the content of endogenous hormones(IAA,GA3,and ABA)to explore the physiological and biochemical characteristics of continuous flowering of Arundina graminifolia(D.Don)Hochr.,which could provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of new flower crops.When cultivated under natural conditions in Guangzhou,A.graminifolia could flower throughout the year;with single flower blooms in turn in a long raceme and the flowering period of the whole inflorescence could reach 188 days.According to the characteristics,the floral organ development could be divided into five periods:flower bud differentiation,sepal growth,pillar development,flower dyeing and flower opening.This process took about 32 days.After entering the reproductive growth,the soluble sugar,starch,and soluble protein contents increased significantly,with the highest content of soluble sugar,followed by soluble protein.SOD,POD and CAT activities showed a steady upward trend.The content of IAA and GA3 increased continuously in vegetative growth period,and decreased first and then increased in flower bud development period.In contrast,ABA content increased significantly at the flower bud differentiation stage and decreased at the later stage of flower development.It was speculated that low level of IAA,GA3 and high level of ABA might play an important role in regulating flower bud differentiation.