多孔质气体静压轴承研究现状及发展趋势

多孔质气体静压轴承采用多孔质节流器,依靠外部供给加压气,形成承载气膜,实现支承和定位.分析了多孔质轴承支承原理,并说明气膜压力分布特点.总结了多孔材料在轴承中的应用及碳石墨多孔材料具有的相对优势.论述了流动模型、数值求解及试验的研究现状,说明雷诺润滑方程和Darcy方程是建立多孔质轴承流动模型的主流方法.总结了轴承优化方法,智能优化方法的应用情况.今后的研究重点是考虑流动惯性,基于Darcy-Forchheimer方程和雷诺润滑方程,建立多孔质轴承三维可压流动模型及其数值求解方法;考虑转子对气膜的惯性作用,使用CFD动网格计算多孔质轴承动特性;分析温度、材料变形等对多孔质轴承静动特性的影响;设计对中系统并采用高频激光测距仪,测试多孔质轴承静动特性;建立多参数、多目标的多孔质轴承优化平台,优化承载力、供气功耗等.

Aerostatic bearing with porous restrictor: state-of-the-art and future perspectives

Aerostatic bearings with porous restrictor work with externally pressurized gas, forming a gas film, achieving support and positioning. The reviewing contents are as follows. Explain the support principle of porous bearings and introduce the pressure distribution characteristics of gas film. Summarize the applications of porous materials in bearings and find that carbon graphite porous materials have relative advantages. Review the research status on the flow models, the solution methods and the expe-riments and find that Reynolds lubrication equation and Darcy equation are the main method to establish the flow models of porous bearings. Summarize the bearing optimization methods and find that intelligent optimization methods have been implemented. The future perspectives are as follows. Considering the inertial effect, establish a three-dimensional compressible flow model of porous bearings based on the Reynolds lubrication equation and the Darcy-Forchheimer equation, as well as a numerical method. Considering the inertial action of the rotor on the gas film, use CFD dynamic mesh technique for the prediction of the dynamic characteristics of porous bearings. Investigate the influence of tempe-rature, material deformation, etc. on the static and dynamic characteristics of porous bearings. Design an alignment system and adopt a high-frequency laser displacement sensor, measure the static and dynamic characteristics of porous bearings. Establish a multi-parameter and multi-objective optimization platform of porous bearings, specifically optimize the load capacity, the gas feeding power, etc.