几种重要环境因子对瘤背石磺人工养殖成活率的影响

该试验通过模拟生态环境的方式系统研究了温度、盐度和相对湿度等环境因子对瘤背石磺（Onchidiumstrurna）室内养殖成活率的影响。结果显示，当养殖温度为20～26℃且昼夜温差不高于3℃，盐度控制为35左右，相对湿度调节为80％以上，养殖密度低于50只·箱-1（333只·m-3），底泥采用海边高潮线附近的表层粉砂性盐成土，以3cm的厚度铺于养殖箱底部，光照强度低于701x时瘤背石磺死亡率最低，其成活率可达90％以上，且与其他各试验组相比均差异显著（P〈0．05）。结果表明，养殖瘤背石磺需控制温度、盐度、相对湿度、养殖密度、光照强度及底泥等各项指标；同时通过模拟生态环境、改善养殖条件等方式能够提高瘤背石磺成活率，从而实现人工条件下的长期养殖。

Effects of several key environmental factors on survival of artificial breeding of Onchidium struma

Based on simulate natural ecological environment, we conducted an experiment to explore the effects of several environmen- tal factors such as temperature, salinity and relative humidity on the artificial breeding of Onchidium struma. The results show that the survival reached over 90% and significant difference was observed among the other trail groups （ P 〈 0. 05 ） under the following condi- tions： temperature （20 ～26 ℃ with diurnal temperature range 〈3 ℃）, salinity （35）, relative humidity （ 〉80% ）, stocking density 〈 50 ind -tank -1（ 333 ind-m-3） ], sediment （silty halosols on the surface of intertidal with 3 em thickness laid at the bottom of the tank）, light intensity （ 〈 70 1x）. It is revealed that the breeding of O. struma needs control of temperature, salinity, relative humidity, stocking density, light intensity and sediment factors. Besides, the survival can be increased and long-term artificial breeding can be a- chieved by simulating ecological environment and improving breeding conditions.