Aging effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on phosphorus fractionation in a calcareous sandy loam soil |
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Authors: | Munir AHMAD Mahtab AHMAD Ahmed H. EL-NAGGAR Adel R. A. USMAN Adel ABDULJABBAR Meththika VITHANAGE Jamal ELFAKI Abdulelah AL-FARAJ Mohammad I. AL-WABEL |
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Affiliation: | 1. Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451 (Saudi Arabia);2. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241 (Egypt);3. Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526 (Egypt);4. Industrial Psychology, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451 (Saudi Arabia);5. Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling Research Group, Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy 20000 (Sri Lanka);6. Agriculture Engineering Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451 (Saudi Arabia) |
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Abstract: | In most arid and semiarid soils, naturally occurring phosphorus(P) is a major yield-limiting plant nutrient. In this study, to investigate the effects of organic(OP) and inorganic P(IP) sources on P fractionation, a calcareous sandy loam alkaline soil was fertilized with OP and IP fertilizers at low(80 mg P kg~(-1) soil) and high(160 mg P kg~(-1) soil) application rates. Three combinations of OP and IP(i.e., 75% OP + 25% IP, 50% OP + 50% IP, and 25% OP + 75% IP) were applied at low and high application rates,respectively, followed by soil aging for 21 d. Soil samples were collected after 1, 2, 3, 7, and 21 d and subjected to sequential extraction to analyze soluble and exchangeable, Fe-and Al-bound, Ca-bound, and residual P fractions. The soluble and exchangeable P fraction significantly increased up to 24.3%, whereas the Ca-bound fraction decreased up to 40.7% in the soils receiving 75% OP + 25% IP and 50% OP + 50% IP, respectively, compared with the control(receiving no P fertilizer). However, the transformation of P fractions was influenced by aging time. Addition of P sources caused instant changes in different P fractions, which then tended to decline with aging time. Change in soil p H was the limiting factor in controlling P availability. At high application rate, the OP source significantly increased soil P availability compared with the IP source with soil aging. Depending on P fractionation, a proper combination of OP and IP fertilizers, as long-term slow and instant P-releasing sources for plant uptake, respectively, may be a sustainable strategy to meet crop P requirements in the arid and semiarid soils. |
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Keywords: | phosphorus availability phosphorus fraction poultry manure sequential extraction soil pH |
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