澳大利亚碳排放权交易体系市场框架分析

澳大利亚是新近加入《京都议定书》第2承诺期的附件Ⅰ国家.澳大利亚在加入《京都议定书》之前就较早地开展了基于温室气体总量控制的排放权交易, 建立了澳大利亚的碳排放权交易体系(市场).市场的基础建设相对完善, 在配额市场的配额总量设定、交易体系的行业企业覆盖范围、配额的分配制度和方式、履约义务和罚则方面有清晰的制度安排.对碳排放权交易体系起重要支撑作用的温室气体排放监测、报告和核实系统非常完善, 为澳大利亚政府掌握全国的温室气体排放总量及企业的排放情况提供了动态的数据参考.排放权交易的国家注册平台和交易平台对交易的实现起到了技术保障的作用.文中介绍澳大利亚碳排放权交易体系(ETS)的市场框架以及基于总量限制的碳排放权交易体系建立的背景、法律基础、主管机构的设置与职能以及框架结构, 分析澳大利亚排放权交易体系的最新动态, 讨论固定碳价制度遭提前废除的原因.

Research on Market Framework of Australian Emissions Trading System

Australian is the new entrant of Kyoto Protocol second commitment period as an Annex Ⅰ contracting parity. Australia is one of the first action countries to build up a voluntary emission trading scheme (ETS) before they entered into the Kyoto Protocol under cap-and-trade strategy. The market infrastructure is comparatively sound, and clear institutional arrangements have been made for quota amount setting in quota market, coverage of companies in the trading scheme, quota allocation institution and approach, and accountability and penalties. Emission monitoring, reporting and verification system, which is an important backup of ETS, is sound, and provides dynamic data references for Australian Government to track the national total emission amount and the emission by enterprises. The national emission trading registration platform and trading platform provide technical assurance to emission transaction. The paper introduced the market framework of Australian ETS, and described the background of the Australian ETS establishment, its legislation support system, regulatory bodies and their responsibility and the framework structure. The latest news about Australian ETS were analyzed and the reasons for the beforehand carbon tax abolishment were discussed.