ES细胞在遗传育种中的应用

胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell．ES细胞)是从早期胚胎内细胞团(inner cell mass．ICM)或原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cells．PGGs)分离和克隆的具有全能性的细胞。ES细胞作为一种新型的实验材料，广泛应用于动物克隆、转因动物的生产、真核细胞基因的表达与调控、人类遗传病动物模型的创建，人类器官移植材料的生产以及细胞分化机制的研究等领域。ES细胞分离、克隆技术与遗传工程和胚胎工程相结合，对于阐明动物生长发育的基本规律、抢救和保护濒危动物遗传资源、建立先进的动物育种技术体系具有重大的理论意义和实践价值。本文将结合胚胎干细胞的生物学特性，综述其在动物遗传育种中的应用及在当前技术水平下存在的问题。

The Application of ES Cells in Animal Breeding

Embryonic stem cell is separated from inner cell mass or from Primordial germ cells that have almightiness. The cell of ES is a kind of new experiment material,applying extensively in the animal clone, transgene animal production, cell gene translation and control, animal model construction of human genetic disease, human organ transplant research and cell differentiations mechanism etc. The ES cell separation and cloning technique combined with genetic modification and the embryo engineering showed promising theoretical and practical values in animal growth and development model, the protection of endangered species, and establishment of advanced animal breeding systems etc.. The existing problems of embryo stem cell application in animal genetics and breeding under the present condition were reviewed in the paper as well