Choosing What to Believe About Forests: Differences Between Professional and Non-Professional Evaluative Criteria |
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Authors: | Roje S Gootee Keith A Blatner David M Baumgartner Matthew S Carroll Edward P Weber |
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Institution: | (1) Rush Creek Ranch, P.O. Box 243, Long Creek, OR 97856, USA;(2) Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646410, Pullman, WA 99164-6410, USA;(3) School of Environmental and Public Affairs, University of Nevada, P.O. Box 454030, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4030, USA |
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Abstract: | This study examined the process of information exchange between natural resource management professionals and forest owners
to determine whether and how professionals could improve their ability to persuade forest owners to adopt recommended stewardship
practices. Using the inductive ‘grounded theory’ method of qualitative research, 109 stakeholders throughout the State of
Washington, USA were interviewed and asked to discuss their information sources and preferences. The study findings reveal
that many natural resource management professionals may not correctly anticipate how forest owners evaluate new forest management
information. Professionals in the study typically chose and evaluated new information on the basis of established standards
of scientific credibility, including peer review or the professional reputation of the individuals and institutions conducting
the research or publishing the information. Most professionals expected forest owners would do the same. Forest owners with
non-professional backgrounds, however, were often unfamiliar with or unimpressed by such credentials, and often used a very
different evaluative screen. Willingness to adopt information was greatly influenced by their social impressions of the individuals
delivering it. When a professional pressed for an ‘expert to non-expert’ relationship or did not establish a mutually respectful
interpersonal learning atmosphere, non-professional forest owners frequently resisted not only that individual, but also the
information they provided. This paper links these findings to androgogy (adult learning theory), and demonstrates that the
natural resource professionals most effective with forest owners are those providing what the established literature describes
as classic elements of a good adult learning environment. These elements include empathy, mutual respect, non-hierarchical
information exchange, praxis, emphasis on experiential rather than passive learning, and evidence that tangible results may
be expected. An improved understanding of the fundamentals of the adult learning process can be expected to enhance the effectiveness
of natural resource professionals in information exchange with forest owners. |
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