黑龙江省垦区耕地利用功能转型与调控建议

客观评价耕地利用功能,分析其演化特征及权衡协同关系,既是耕地利用转型理论研究的有益探索,又可以为自然资源资产评估和耕地利用调控提供依据。本文通过构建耕地利用功能评价指标体系和土地系统功能权衡度模型(LFTD),研究分析1995—2018年黑龙江省垦区耕地利用国民经济贡献、粮食安全保障、社会就业保障和生态安全维护4个功能的时空转型特征和权衡协同关系。结果表明:1)耕地利用总功能呈下降—上升—平稳趋势,耕地利用子功能主要经历了由国民经济贡献功能和社会就业保障功能为主向以生态安全维护功能和粮食安全保障功能为主的转型过程,转型过程可分为总功能衰退、总功能提升和主体功能凸显三个阶段;2)耕地利用功能转型三阶段,三江平原垦区和松嫩平原垦区的耕地利用功能转型呈现出明显的空间非均衡性;3)耕地利用功能转型三阶段,功能间权衡协同关系分别为权衡—协同—持平,转型过程趋于相互促进。此外,针对耕地利用功能在转型过程中面临的突出问题,从完善社会保障、农业产业体系、现代企业管理制度以及加强垦区耕地生态建设方面提出相应的调控建议。

Suggestions on the transition and regulation of farmland utilization function in Heilongjiang Province

Objectively evaluating farmland utilization function, analyzing its evolution characteristics, and weighing the synergy relationship are beneficial to explore the theory of farmland utilization transition. It can provide the foundation for natural resource asset evaluation and farmland utilization regulation. This paper constructed an evaluation index system of farmland utilization function and the land system function trade-off model (LFTD) and applied it to explore the characteristics of temporal and spatial transition and the relationship of the coordination of trade-offs about the national economic contribution, grain security, social employment security, and ecological security maintenance of farmland utilization in Heilongjiang Province from 1995 to 2018. Results show that: 1) The overall function of farmland utilization has shown a downward-upward-stable trend. Sub-functions of farmland utilization have undergone the transition process from the national economic contribution function and social employment guarantee function to ecological safety maintenance function and grain security function. The transition process includes declining period, improving period and highlighting period of the main function; 2) During the three periods of the transition of farmland utilization function, the transition of farmland utilization function in the Sanjiang Plain and Songnen Plain reclamation areas reflects the obvious spatial imbalance; 3) During the three periods of the transition of farmland utilization function, the trade-off and coordination relationship of the functions are trade-off-coordination-equalization. And the transition process approaches to mutually reinforce. In addition, in response to the outstanding problems faced in the transition of the utilization of farmland, put forward corresponding regulation suggestions in terms of improving social security, agricultural industry system, modern enterprise management system, and strengthening the ecological construction of farmland in reclamation areas.