不同人工植物配置对排土场边坡水土流失的影响

目的]揭示人工植被配置对露天矿排土场边坡水土流失的影响,为半干旱地区露天矿区排土场边坡水土流失控制提供依据。方法]以不同植物配置和对照(未治理)边坡为研究区,于2014年和2015年的5—10月,对边坡径流和土壤侵蚀量与降雨量的关系进行了统计学分析。结果](1)控制坡面径流。乔灌草和灌草配置是较好选择,其坡面径流仅为对照的42.9%和52.6%,二者无显著性差异。(2)控制边坡土壤侵蚀。3种植物配置措施都与对照区存在显著性差异,其土壤侵蚀量仅为对照区的2.3%~6.7%。日降雨量与坡面径流和土壤侵蚀量之间都存在显著线性关系。结论]不同植被配置对边坡侵蚀控制优于径流深,与对照区相比侵蚀量减少93%以上,而径流深仅减少了28%~57%。

Impacts of Different Artificial Plant Collocations on Soil and Water Loss at Side Slope in Mine Dump

Objective] It is a foundational mechanism to indicate different impacts of artificial vegetation collocation on the runoff deepth and soil erosion amount at the side slope of mine dump in semi-arid zone.Methods] Based on three artificial plant collocations(tree with shrub and grass, shrub with grass, and grass) and contrast plot(no vegetation), we employed statistics method to analyze relationship between the side slope erosion(including side slope runoff and soil erosion amount) and rainfall in daily scale from May to Sep. in 2014 and 2105.Results] (1) For controlling effect of the runoff, tree with shrub and grass, and shrub with grass performed better in three types and its runoff amounts had no significant difference, their values were 42.9% and 52.6% of the contrast ones, respectively. (2) For the erosive controlling effect, no significant differences between the three types and the contrast plot were found, the amounts of the three types were 2.3%~6.7% of the contrast. There were linear relation between daily rainfall and the side slope erosion.Conclusion] Vegetation collocations had better effects in erosive control than in runoff prevention, and over 93% of erosion control and 28%~57% of runoff prevention were obtained in comparison the corresponding contrast.