逆向遗传学技术在猪瘟病毒研究中的应用

猪瘟是猪的最严重疾病之一,其病原 是猪瘟病毒,基因组为单股正链RNA。猪瘟 弱毒疫苗在猪瘟的免疫防治中发挥了巨大作 用,但由于弱毒疫苗免疫的动物不能从血清 学上与自然感染动物区分,使其应用受到很 大限制,研制标记疫苗是解决这个问题的重 要途径。由于RAN的结构不稳定成为阻碍 RNA病毒研究的主要障碍,所以病毒分子生 物学是新型猪瘟疫苗研究的必要手段。近年 来兴起的逆向遗传研究将RNA病毒的基因 组转化为cDNA,文章就猪瘟病毒逆向遗传 研究的意义、方法、概况及其在猪瘟新型疫苗 研究中的应用进行了全面综述。

Reverse Genetics and Its Application in Research of Classical swine fever virus

Classical swine fever is one of the most serious diseases of swine. Its pathogen is classical swine fever virus with single chain of positive RNA. Attenuated vaccine of Classical swine fever have played an important role in the control of the disease. But its use is seriously restricted in recent years, the reason is that the vaccinated animal and the infected animal can not be distinguished by normal method. Using marker vaccine is very important to solve this problem. Virus molecular biology is a necessary method for its study. The RNA structure of Classical swine fever virus had restricted the study for a long time. The reverse genetics could translate the RNA into cDNA, it extremely promoted the study on RNA viruses. The significance of reverse genetics, its study method, the advance and its application in the study of on new vaccine were synthetically summarized in this article.