广东烟草种质资源创新与利用研究进展

烟草种质资源是烟草原始创新、新品种选育及其生物技术产业化的物质基础,是保障烟叶生产安全的战略性资源,对我国烟草可持续发展具有重要意义。烟草原始创新、新品种选育及其生物技术产业化的成效,取决于所掌握种质资源的数量和对其差异性状表现及遗传规律研究,而突破性进展往往依赖于特殊种质资源的发现与利用。由于烟草种质资源遗传多样性丰富,研究内容宽泛、调制类型多样,且具有公益性、基础性和不可再生性等特征,相关研究工作任重而道远。为了解广东烟草种质资源研究现状,介绍了广东烟草种质资源国内外收集、保存的基本情况;阐述了烟草种质资源的分类、鉴定评价及种质创制与利用等方面的研究进展;概述广东生态环境下烟草地方种质资源香气风格形成与新品种选育情况,在此基础上,对目前种质资源繁种更新、精准鉴定、遗传群体研究和种质创制等进行展望。

Research Progress in Innovation and Utilization of Guangdong Tobacco Germplasm Resources

Tobacco germplasm resources are the material basis for original innovation and new variety breeding of tobacco and the industrialization of biotechnology. It is a strategic resource to ensure the safety of tobacco production and is of great significance to the sustainable development of tobacco in China. The effectiveness of original innovation and new variety selection of tobacco as well as the biotechnology industrialization depends on the quantity of germplasm resources obtained and the quality of researches on their differential traits and genetic laws, while breakthrough progress often depends on special germplasm resources discovery and utilization. Due to the rich genetic diversity of tobacco germplasm resources, wide research contents, diverse modulation types, and the characteristics of public welfare, basicity and non-renewability, related research work has a long way to go. In order to understand the research status of tobacco germplasm resources, this article describes the basic situation of tobacco germplasm resources collection and preservation at home and abroad, introduces the research progress of tobacco germplasm resources classification, identification and evaluation, and germplasm creation and utilization and summarize the aroma style formation and variety selection of local tobacco germplasm resources in the ecological environment of Guangdong. On this basis, prospects are made for the current germplasm resources breeding and renewal, precise identification, genetic population research and germplasm creation.