山东临朐2019年“8·10”特大暴雨水土保持调查

2019年8月10日6时至12日6时,受台风“利奇马”影响,山东淄博、东营、潍坊等地区发生特大暴雨天气,造成了严重的水土流失灾害。暴雨发生后,水利部水土保持监测中心组织调查人员,运用现代技术手段对暴雨中心典型小流域进行了系统、全面的水土保持实地调查。结果表明:(1)本次特大暴雨降雨量为570.6 mm,最大24 h降雨507.6 mm,均超过历史记录;(2)本次暴雨造成严重水土流失灾害,典型小流域水蚀模数达9741 t/km^2,是多年平均值的2.4倍,梯田损毁率达5.96%,河道淤积厚度达10~30 cm,近1/3生产道路完全损毁,引起了严重的重力侵蚀,多处发生滑坡、泥石流;(3)通过对比小流域调查发现,高林草覆盖和重点工程治理分别可削减洪峰模数79%和36%,降低水蚀模数分别达80%和54%;重点治理小流域道路损毁比例减少23.9%,梯田损毁减少40.4%,重力侵蚀减少40%以上。调查摸清了本次特大暴雨径流输沙特征、土壤侵蚀状况、水土流失成灾情况、水土保持措施效益等,初步形成了科学的暴雨水土流失调查方法体系,为今后暴雨水土保持调查制度的建立提供了良好基础。

Soil and Water Conservation Survey After a Heavy Storm on 10th August, 2019 in Linqu, Shandong Province

A heavy storm occurred from 06:00 am August 10 to 06:00 am August 12, 2019, caused by Typhoon Lichima, in Zibo, Dongying, and Weifang, Shandong Province. This storm caused severe soil erosion disaster. A survey was organized by the Water and Soil Conservation Monitoring Center of the Ministry of Water Resources to conduct a systematic and comprehensive field survey of soil and water conservation. The survey was taken in typical small watersheds just in the rainstorm center, and modern technology was utilized. The characteristics of runoff and sediment transport, soil erosion rate, disaster, and the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures were surveyed. The methodology for soil and water conservation survey with heavy storm was primary established based on the results and processes of this survey. This survey could provide an essential information for future establishment of a legal system of heavy storm soil and water conservation survey.