中国省际农业生态效率评价及其改进路径分析

农业生态效率是衡量农业绿色可持续发展的重要指标，对农业生态效率进行科学的评价，有利于准确评估农业生态系统的真实水平，以实现农业资源的高效利用。采用超效率SBM-DEA模型，对2000—2017年中国内地31个省（市、区）的农业生态效率进行了测度和分组，并分析了2017年未达DEA效率状态地区的农业投入产出的冗余与不足。高效率组中的省份一类位于东部地区，一类位于西部地区，而东北部和中部地区及西部地区的部分省份主要处于中、低效率组；2017年，只有青海、宁夏和天津出现农业产出不足情况，其余未达到DEA效率状态的地区均存在不同程度的机械、用水、农药、化肥、农膜、能源等要素投入冗余和碳排放、污染排放过度的情况。中国省际农业生态效率水平空间差异明显，发展变动态势不一，效率损失的主要原因是要素投入冗余和非期望产出过度，但各省份冗余的具体构成不同。因此，各省应根据其实际情况和效率损失的具体原因，采取适宜性的措施提升农业生态效率。

Evaluation and improvement of agricultural eco-efficiency in China

Agricultural eco-efficiency is an important index to measure the sustainable development of agriculture. Scientific evaluation of agricultural eco-efficiency is necessary to accurately assess the true level of agricultural ecosystems, so as to achieve efficient utilization of agricultural resources. In this paper, the super-efficiency SBM-DEA model was adopted to measure and group the agricultural ecoefficiency of 31 provinces in Chinese inland from 2000 to 2017. The results showed that the provinces in the high-efficiency group were located in the eastern and western region, while the provinces in the middle and low efficiency groups were located in the northeast and central regions and parts of the western region. In 2017, only Qinghai, Ningxia, and Tianjin had insufficient agricultural output. The remaining areas that did not achieve DEA efficiency all had different degrees of redundancy of input and excessive carbon and pollution emissions. The spatial difference of China''s agricultural eco-efficiency was obvious, and the trend of development changes was different. The main reasons for the efficiency loss were the redundancies of inputs and the excessive undesired output. Therefore, each province should take appropriate measures to improve the agricultural eco-efficiency according to its actual situation and the specific causes for efficiency loss.