山西壶瓶枣缩果病病原菌分离和鉴定

 2005~2008年山西壶瓶枣缩果病害发生严重,造成了巨大的经济损失。本文利用真菌ITSrDNA和细菌16S rDNA基因的通用引物,分别对分离自山西晋中的罹病壶瓶枣果实表面寄生真菌和细菌基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,将扩增产物进行核苷酸序列测定,在GenBank数据库进行Megablast同源性分析,确定壶瓶枣果实的主要寄生菌是细极链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)、白囊耙齿菌(Irpex lacteus)、青霉菌(Penicillium expansum)、芽枝孢菌(Cladosporium tenuissimum)4种真菌和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、巨大芽孢杆菌(B.megaterium)、短小芽孢杆菌(B.pumilus)、多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)4种细菌。回接试验证明链格孢菌、青霉菌、芽枝孢菌是壶瓶枣果实主要的致病真菌,而所分离的细菌没有致病性。

Isolation and identification of the pathogens of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba cv. Huping) fruit Shrink disease in Shanxi

Huping jujube fruit in Shanxi province suffered serious losses from shrink disease during 2005-2008.In this study,the genomic DNAs of fungi and bacteria isolated from decayed jujube fruits were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) using the universal primers of the fungus ITS rDNA and bacterium 16S rDNA,and the nucleotide sequences of the amplified fragments were tested and then analyzed by using Megablast in GenBank.The main parasitical fungi and bacteria isolated from fruits were identified as Alternaria alternata,Irpex lacteus,Penicillium expansum,Cladosporium tenuissimum,Bacillus subtilis,B.megaterium,B.pumilus,and Paenibacillus polymyxa.After inoculating the jujube fruits with these parasitical mi-croorganisms,only the fungi of A.alternata,P.expansum and C.tenuissimum showed high pathogenicity,and no bacteria were capable of inciting the disease.