犬造血干细胞移植的作用机制及应用研究进展

造血干细胞(hematopoietic stem cell, HSC)位于造血系统的顶端, 是造血系统中唯一具有多能性和自我更新能力的细胞, 可以分化为各种功能的血细胞, 维持血液系统的建立和动态平衡, 是目前研究最为透彻、临床应用最为成熟的成体干细胞。造血干细胞的这些重要特性, 使得基于造血干细胞在治病机制研究和临床应用中的研究取得了很大进展。以造血干细胞为基础的再生医学治疗是目前治疗恶性血液病和遗传病的首选方法, 如造血干细胞治疗犬白细胞黏附缺陷综合征、犬遗传性贫血、犬淋巴瘤、犬白细胞减少症、犬X连锁严重联合免疫缺陷病等, 但由于白细胞抗原匹配的供体稀缺、可获得的造血干细胞数量有限等原因, 无法满足临床需求, 因此, 如何通过体外培养获得满足临床需要的造血干细胞成为近年来学者们研究的热点问题。作者参照现有研究成果对造血干细胞的来源和体外分离培养、治病机制进行系统的描述, 并对造血干细胞移植治疗遗传性溶血性贫血、白细胞黏附缺陷综合征、淋巴瘤、白细胞减少症、X连锁严重联合免疫缺陷病的临床研究进行综述, 以期为今后将造血干细胞广泛应用于临床治疗提供参考依据。

Research Progress on Therapeutic Mechanism and Application of Canine Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are located at the top of the hematopoietic system, they are the only cells that have pluripotency and self-renewal ability in the hematopoietic system.They can differentiate into blood cells with various functions to maintain the establishment and dynamic balance of the blood system, which were the most thoroughly studied adult stem cells with the most mature clinical application.These important characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells have made great progress in the study of disease treatment mechanisms and clinical applications based on hematopoietic stem cells.Regenerative medicine treatment based on hematopoietic stem cells is currently the first choice for the treatment of hematological malignancies and genetic diseases, such as treatment of canine leukocyte adhesion defect syndrome, canine hereditary anemia, canine lymphoma, canine leukopenia, canine X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency using HSCs, etc., but due to the scarcity of leukocyte antigen-matched donors and the limited number of available hematopoietic stem cells, it cannot meet clinical needs.Therefore, how to obtain hematopoietic stem cells to meet clinical needs through in vitro culture has become a hot issue for scholars in recent years.With reference to existing research results, the authors systematically described the sources, in vitro isolation and culture, and treatment mechanism of hematopoietic stem cells, and summarized the clinical research of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of hereditary hemolytic anemia, leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome, lymphoma, leukopenia and X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease, in order to provide references for the wide application of hematopoietic stem cells in clinical treatment in the future.