黄芪多糖对巨噬细胞天然免疫调节的研究进展

天然免疫系统是机体的第一道免疫防御屏障，在抵抗病原微生物感染的过程中起着关键性作用。如何通过药物或饲料添加剂激发畜禽天然免疫防御功能，从而最大程度地诱导机体保护性机制和减轻感染引起的炎症损伤，已成为应对当下养殖环境中病原微生物肆虐、抗生素耐药的可持续性解决方案之一。黄芪多糖(Astragalus polysaccharides，APS)作为一类生物大分子成分，是免疫活性最强的一类物质，具有免疫调节、抗病毒、抗应激、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等多种生物学作用，在临床应用中可有效提高幼龄动物的天然免疫防御功能，增强多种疫苗的保护效力及生长性能，因而其对机体天然免疫系统的调节作用及机制是近年来的研究热点。然而受产地、提取纯化方法及复杂化学结构的影响，对APS活性作用的深入研究与开发利用受到了一定的限制。作者介绍了APS现有的提取技术及存在的单糖组分，重点阐述了其对天然免疫主要效应细胞-巨噬细胞极化、功能、炎症因子表达的双向调节作用及对巨噬细胞相关Toll 样受体(Toll-like receptors，TLRs)信号通路干预的研究进展，并指出了当前研究存在的问题与不足，以期为APS免疫调节机制的深入研究提供参考，为其在畜禽养殖中的推广应用提供科学依据。

Research Progress on Astragalus Polysaccharide on Innate Immunalregulation of Macrophage

As the first immune defense barrier of body,innate immune system plays a key role in the process of resisting pathogen infection.Maximize inducing the body’s protective mechanism to reduce the inflammatory damage caused by infection through stimulating the natural immune defense function of livestock and poultry by drugs or feed additives,has become one of the sustainable solutions to cope with the rampant pathogenic microorganisms and anti-microbial resistance in the current breeding environment.Being a class of biological macromolecules,Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) is one of the most immunologically active substance,and capable of various biological effects such as immune regulation,anti-virus,anti-stress,anti-oxidation,anti-tumor,etc.In clinical application,it can effectively improve the natural immune defense function of young animals and enhance the protective efficacy and growth performance of various vaccines.Therefore,the study of its regulation effect on the natural immune system of the body and its mechanism has become a research hotspot in recent years.However,due to the influence of origin,extraction and purification methods and complex chemical structure,the further research and development of APS activity are limited to some extent.The author reviewed the progress on the extraction technology and monosaccharide components of APS,and focused on the research progress of its two-way regulation for macrophages which is the main effect or cell of innate immunity,including polarization,function,inflammatory factors expression and the research progress on the intervention of macrophage-related Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathways,and pointed out the deficiencies in current research,aiming to provide references for the in-depth study of APS immunomodulatory mechanisms and the scientific basis on the promotion and application of APS in livestock and poultry breeding.