超排处理对家兔生殖器官形态及激素水平的影响

【目的】 研究超排处理对家兔生殖器官组织形态和激素水平的影响。【方法】 将12只家兔分为试验组和对照组,每组各6只,在试验组家兔大腿内侧肌内注射70 IU孕马血清促性腺激素（pregnant mare serum gonadotropin,PMSG）,72 h后同位置注射100 IU人绒毛促性腺激素（human chorionic gonadotropin,hCG）,对照组均同时注射等体积生理盐水。试验组与对照组均采取与公兔合笼刺激诱导排卵,合笼24 h处死家兔并采集卵巢、输卵管、子宫,测量卵巢长度、宽度、厚度,子宫长度、宽度、周长、子宫壁厚度和输卵管长度、漏斗部宽度、峡部宽度、壶腹部宽度,并将卵巢制作成组织切片,通过HE染色研究卵巢卵泡变化;分别在注射PMSG前、注射hCG前及处死前采集对照组和试验组家兔耳缘静脉血,用ELISA法检测血清中抑制素（inhibin,INH）、促卵泡素（follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH）、促黄体素（luteinizing hormone,LH）、雌二醇（estradiol,E₂）和孕酮（progesterone,P₄）的含量。【结果】 与对照组相比,试验组卵巢组织重量、长度、宽度、厚度、充血卵泡数、排卵点数和闭锁卵泡数均极显著增加（P<0.01）,卵巢内次级卵泡的直径显著变小（P<0.05）;输卵管长度、壶腹部宽度和子宫宽度均显著增加（P<0.05）,输卵管漏斗部宽度和子宫长度均极显著增加（P<0.01）。在3个不同采血时间,对照组家兔血清中INH水平呈递增趋势,在注射hCG前和处死前试验组INH含量均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;注射hCG前,试验组血清中FSH含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,而在处死前试验组血清中FSH含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;注射hCG前和处死前试验组血清中LH含量均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组与对照组家兔血清中P₄和E₂含量在各时间点差异均不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】 70 IU PMSG+100 IU hCG组合的超排处理使家兔的卵巢体积增大、表面排卵点数增多,并协同内源激素作用于卵巢,获得较好的超排效果。

Effects of Superovulation on Morphology and Hormone Levels of Reproductive Organs in Rabbits

【Objective】 The aim of this expremient was to study the effect of superovulation on the changes of the morphology and hormone levels of the reproductive organs of rabbits.【Method】 Twelve rabbits were divided into experimental group and control group, 6 rabbits in each group.The rabbits in the experimental group was injected 70 IU pregnancy mare serum gonadotropin(PMSG) into the inner thigh, 72 h after the injection, 100 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was injected at the same injection point.The control group was injected with the same volume normal saline at the same time.Rabbits in both the experimental group and the control group were caged with male rabbits to stimulate ovulation.After 24 hours, the rabbits were killed and the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus were collected, the length, width and thickness of ovary, the length, width and circumference of uterus, the thickness of uterine wall, the length of fallopian tube, the width of funnel, isthmus and ampulla were measured.The ovaries were made into tissue sections, and the changes of ovarian follicles were studied by HE staining.The ear vein blood of rabbits in the control group and the experimental group were collected before PMSG injection, hCG injection and death, inhibin (INH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E₂) and progesterone (P₄) in serum were detected by ELISA.【Result】 Compared with control group, the weight, length, width, thickness, the number of hyperemic follicles, the number of ovulation points and the number of atretic follicles of ovarian tissues in the experimental group were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01);The diameter of secondary follicles in the ovary was significantly decreased (P<0.05);The length of the fallopian tubes, the width of the ampulla of the fallopian tubes and the length of the uterus were significantly increased (P<0.05);The width of the infundibulum of the fallopian tubes and the length of uterus were significantly increased (P<0.01).At three different blood collection times, the serum INH level of the rabbits in control group showed an increasing trend, Before hCG injection and before death, the INH content in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05).Before hCG injection, the serum FSH content of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05), while the content of FSH in serum of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group before death(P<0.05).Before hCG injection and before death, the content of LH in serum of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the contents of P₄ and E₂ between the experimental group and the control group at each time point (P>0.05).【Conclusion】 The superovulation treatment of 70 IU PMSG+100 IU hCG increased the ovarian volume and the number of ovulation points on the surface of rabbits, and cooperated with endogenous hormones to act on the ovary to obtain a better superovulation effect in rabbits.