microRNA调控猪肌内脂肪沉积的研究进展

肌内脂肪（intramuscular fat，IMF）含量是评判猪肉品质的关键指标，其可影响猪肉的嫩度、剪切力、多汁性和风味等。微小RNA （microRNA，miRNA）是一类长度约为22 nt的短链非编码RNA，在胚胎发育、成脂分化、肌纤维形成、神经调节、免疫应答等多种生理过程中发挥重要作用。越来越多的研究表明，miRNA在猪肌内脂肪沉积过程中发挥重要调控作用，是脂质代谢的重要调控因子。作者通过归纳国内外关于miRNA调控猪肌内脂肪沉积的相关研究发现，miR-34a、miR-125a-5p、miR-32-5p等通过靶向作用转录因子Krüppel样因子（Krüppel-like factors，KLF）家族成员调控猪肌内脂肪沉积，miR-130a通过靶向作用过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（peroxisome proliferator activated receptor，PPAR）家族成员调控猪肌内脂肪沉积，miR-34a、miR-17-5p和miR-125a-5p等通过靶向作用其他家族成员，如长链酯酰辅酶A合成酶4（acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4，ACSL4）、核受体共激活因子3（nuclear receptor coactivator 3，NCOA3）等来调控猪肌内脂肪沉积。然而miRNA调控猪肌内脂肪的具体作用机制尚不完全清楚，还需要进一步探究。作者通过梳理目前已经证实的与猪肌内脂肪沉积相关的miRNA，整理相关miRNA的靶基因以及主要作用通路，以期为筛选肌内脂肪相关miRNA提供参考，为改善肉质提供新的思路和策略，为阐明miRNA在猪脂质代谢中的作用机制提供参考。

Research Progress on microRNA Regulation of Intramuscular Fat Deposition in Pigs

Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a key indicator of pork quality, which can affect the tenderness, shear force, juiciness and flavor. microRNA (miRNA) is a class of short non-coding RNA with a length of about 22 nt, which plays an important role in various physiological processes such as embryonic development, adipogenic differentiation, muscle fiber formation, neuroregulation and immune response.More and more studies have shown that miRNA plays an important regulatory role in porcine IMF deposition and is an important regulator of lipid metabolism.By summarizing relevant studies at home and abroad on the regulation of porcine IMF deposition by miRNA, the authors found that miR-34a, miR-125a-5p, miR-32-5p could regulates porcine IMF deposition by targeting Krüppel-like factors (KLF) family members, miR-130a regulates porcine IMF deposition by targeting peroxisometer-activated receptor(PPAR) family members, miR-34a, miR-17-5p and miR-125A-5p can target other family members, such as acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4(ACSL4) and Nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3) regulate porcine IMF deposition.However, the specific mechanism of miRNA regulating porcine IMF is not fully understood and needs to be further explored.By sorting out the miRNAs that have been confirmed to be related to porcine IMF deposition, the authors sorted out the target genes and main pathways of related miRNAs, in order to provide convenience for screening IMF related miRNAs, provide new ideas and strategies for improving meat quality, and provide reference for elucidating the mechanism of miRNA in porcine lipid metabolism.