乳与乳制品中黄曲霉毒素检测研究进展

黄曲霉毒素（aflatoxin,AF）是霉菌产生的毒性极强的次级代谢产物,主要存在于乳与乳制品和霉变谷物中。目前研究较多的黄曲霉毒素有黄曲霉毒素B₁（AFB₁）、AFB₂、AFG₁、AFG₂、AFM₁和AFM₂,黄曲霉毒素物理与化学性质稳定,加热处理很难将其破坏,是目前公认的毒性最强的致癌物之一。黄曲霉毒素不仅会造成动物营养不良及免疫力下降等问题,进入人体后还会对人体的肝脏造成极大的损害,而且原料乳中黄曲霉毒素的存在会对整个乳制品产业链造成严重的危害。因此,建立简便的、特异性好、灵敏度高的检测乳与乳制品中黄曲霉毒素的方法具有十分重要的意义。作者综述了乳与乳制品中黄曲霉毒素的检测方法进展,介绍了国内外近年来质谱法、电化学法、光谱法、色谱法、试纸条法等方法在检测乳与乳制品中黄曲霉毒素的应用,总结以上各种方法在检测乳与乳制品中黄曲霉毒素中的优势与其面临的挑战,并对今后乳与乳制品中黄曲霉毒素检测方法的发展方向进行了展望,以期为设计新的乳与乳制品中黄曲霉毒素检测方法提供思路。

Advances on the Detection of Aflatoxins in Milk and Dairy Products

Aflatoxins (AF) are secondary metabolites of Aspergillus species with hightoxicity,and mainly found in milk and dairy products and mouldy cereals.At present,there are a lot of studies on aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁),AFB₂,AFG₁,AFG₂,AFM₁ and AFM₂ among all aflatoxins.The physical and chemical properties of aflatoxins are relatively stable,it is difficult to destroy aflatoxins by heating,and aflatoxins are currently recognised as one of the most toxic carcinogens.Aflatoxins not only cause nutritional problems such as malnutrition and reduced immunity to animals,but also cause great damage to the human liver when entering the body,and the presence of aflatoxins in raw milk causes serious harm to the whole dairy industry chain.Therefore,there is an urgent need to implement selective,sensitive and highly convenient methods for the determination of aflatoxins in milk and dairy products.This paper introduces the research progress of aflatoxins detection methods in milk and dairy products at home and abroad,summarizes the application of mass spectrometry,electrochemistry,spectroscopy,chromatography and test strips in the detection of aflatoxins in milk and dairy products in recent years,summarises the advantages and challenges of the above methods in the detection of aflatoxins in milk and dairy products,and provides an outlook on the future development of aflatoxins detection methods in milk and dairy products.The future development of aflatoxins detection methods in milk and dairy products is also discussed,which may provide some new ideas for the detection of aflatoxins in milk and dairy products.