猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病菌对17种杀菌剂的敏感性及不同药剂田间防效

为明确猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病菌(Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae)对不同杀菌剂的敏感性以及田间防效,采用紫外分光光度计法,在室内测定该病菌对17种杀菌剂的室内毒力,并选择其中9种杀菌剂进行田间防效试验。结果表明:猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病菌对硫酸链霉素水剂(AS)、氢氧化铜w=53.8%水分散粒剂(WG)、农用硫酸链霉素w=72%可溶性粉剂(SPX)3种药剂的敏感性强,其EC50达到18.72~23.79mg/L,为高度敏感;其次为氢氧化铜w=46.1%水分散粒剂(WG)、中生菌素w=3%可湿性粉剂(WP)、盐酸四环素有效成分(AF)、施纳宁w=45%水剂(AS)、叶枯唑w=20%WP、链·土霉素w=90%AF、三氯异氰尿酸w=85%SPX、乙酸铜w=20%WP、加瑞农w=47%WP 9种药剂,其EC50为61.98~131.53mg/L,为中度敏感;而噻霉酮w=1.5%水乳剂(EW)、喹啉酮w=33.5%悬浮剂(SC)、壬菌铜w=30%微乳剂(ME)、铜大师w=86.2%WP和噻菌铜w=20%SC 5种药剂敏感性略差,其EC50为208.1~317.38mg/L,为低度敏感。9种杀菌剂田间试验防效存在显著性差异(P0.05),以氢氧化铜w=46.1%WG对猕猴桃溃疡病防效最好,平均防效达到87.6%;其次为农用链霉素w=72%SPX、中生菌素w=3%WP和叶枯唑w=20%WP,防效分别达到74.7%、69.0%和64.0%,噻霉酮w=1.5%EW的防效为51.6%;而以噻菌铜w=20%SC、壬菌铜w=30%ME及喹啉酮w=33.5%SC的防效均较差,仅为23.9%~35.1%,与对照药剂施纳宁w=45%AS的防效略低或相当。说明,氢氧化铜、硫酸链霉素、中生菌素、叶枯唑及噻霉酮均可作为陕西目前及今后猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的较理想防治药剂。

Bactericidal Activities of Seventeen Bactericides and Their Field Applications against Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae

To evaluate the bactericidal activities of several chemical agents against Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae (PSA) in vitro, and their performance applied in kiwifruit orchards.The relative bactericidal activities of seventeen bactericides were investigated by using turbidimetric growth assay method, and field evaluation of nine of them were performed as well.Among 17 bactericides tested, PSA was highly sensitive to streptomycin sulfate (AS), copper hydroxide (w=53.8% WG) and streptomycin sulfate (w=72%, SPX), with EC₅₀ values of 18.72-23.79 mg/L; was moderate sensitive to copper hydroxide (w=46.1% WG), zhongshengmycin (w=3% WP), tetracycline hydrochloride (AF), amobam (w=45% AS), bismerthiazol (w=20%WP), streptomycin-oxytetracycline (w=90% AF), trichloroisocyanuric acid (w=85% SPX), cupric acetate (w=20% WP) and Kasumin+Bordeaux (w=47% WP), with EC₅₀ values of 61.98-131.53 mg/L; was less sensitive to benziothiazolinone (w=1.5% EW), oxine-copper (w=33.5% SC), cuppric nonyl phenolsulfonate (w=30% ME), cuprous oxide (w=86.2%WP) and thiodiazole-copper (w=20% SC), 208.1-317.38 mg/L of EC₅₀.Among nine bactericides applied in kiwifruit orchards, the best preventive effect on the disease was observed for copper hydroxide (w=46.1% WG) with an efficiency of 87.6%; and considerable efficacies of 74.7%, 69.0%, 64.0% and 51.6% were obtained for streptomycin sulfate (w=72%,SPX), zhongshengmycin (w=3% WP), bismerthiazol (w=20% WP) and benziothiazolinone (w=1.5% EW), respectively, while lower efficacies from 23.9% to 35.1%, equivalent to the control, were obtained for thiodiazole-copper (w=20%SC), cuppric nonyl phenolsulfonate (w=30%ME) and oxine-copper (w=33.5% SC).There were significant differences among treatment groups (P<0.05).Almost consistent results were obtained between in vitro and in vivo tests.In conclusion, five bactericides including copper hydroxide, streptomycin sulfate, zhongshengmycin, bismerthiazol and benziothiazolinone can be used for chemical control of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in Shaanxi.