野外土壤风蚀定量观测方法的研究

目的]介绍野外土壤风蚀定量观测的新方法。方法]在综合分析土壤风蚀量评估主要方法和手段优缺点的基础上,提出一种野外土壤风蚀量定量观测的新方法———风蚀圈法。结果]风蚀圈的最大优点是简单实用、容易携带,可长期放置在野外,实现土壤风蚀的定量观测;其镶嵌在土壤中,表面基本与地面持平,可防止局部微地形对风蚀过程的影响;底部尼龙布透水通气性好,可保持风蚀圈内土样与周围土壤状态一致,观测数据接近实际;最大弊端是放、取土时部分土样容易跑出圈外,影响观测值的准确性。结论]风蚀圈法是野外观测比较实用的方法,可用于测定单位面积的土壤风蚀量,实现风沙区风蚀季节的定量连续监测。

Study on the Method of Quantitative Observation on Soil Wind Erosion in Field

Objective] The study was to introduce a new method of quantitative observation on soil wind erosion in field.Method] On the basis of comprehensively analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of main methods of observation on soil wind erosion rate,a new method of quantitative observation on soil wind erosion in field was proposed.Result] The most advantage of wind erosion circle was simple and practical,easily carrying,and it could be placed in field in long-term and it could implement the quantitative qbservation on soil wind erosion.When the wind erosion cycle was inlaid in soil,its surface was at the same horizontal level with the ground,and it could prevent the effect of local microtopography on the process of wind erosion.The nylon cloth at the bottom of wind erosion cycle had better venting quality and water permeability,and it could maintain soil condition of soil sample in wind erosion cycle being uniform with that of surroundings,and made the observed data close to practice.The most disadvantages of wind erosion cycle was that some soil sample could easily ran out of the cycle when soil sample was put into or take out of erosion cycle,witch affected the accuracy of the observation value.Conclusion] The method with wind erosion cycle was a more practical method for field observation,it could be used to determine wind erosion rate in unit area,and could implement quantitative and continuous monitoring in wind erosion seasons in windy desert areas.