不同氮源与钾水平对杂交组合及常规稻生长和养分吸收的影响

采用营养液培养法研究了不同氮源和钾水平对杂交稻及其亲本和常规稻生长、叶绿素含量、养分吸收的影响。结果表明 ,水稻生长、叶绿素的含量及养分吸收与氮源供应密切相关。在供钾充足的条件下 ,杂交稻上位叶的干物质产量以硝态氮营养的最高 ,其次为硝态氮与铵态氮混合营养 ;保持系与杂交稻的趋势一致。杂交稻下位叶和根系干物质积累量受 3种氮源的影响与恢复系相一致 ,即 :硝 +铵混合 硝态氮 铵态氮。硝态氮营养比硝 +铵混合及铵态氮更有效地提高杂交稻功能叶片中的叶绿素含量。杂交稻与其亲本植株地上部全氮含量受 3种氮源的影响为 :硝 +铵混合 硝态氮 铵态氮 ;然而杂交稻地上部的吸氮量受氮源的影响为硝态氮硝 +铵混合 铵态氮 ,与保持系的规律一致。杂交稻地上部钾含量及吸收量在 3种氮源处理间有差异 ,表现为硝态氮 硝 +铵混合 铵态氮 ,保持系的趋势一致 ,但与恢复系不同。研究结果还表明 ,杂交稻对硝态氮的营养特性具有明显杂种优势。 3种氮源对水稻生长、营养吸收的影响程度与钾营养状况及水稻品种有关 ;杂交水稻及其亲本较常规稻受影响更大。在高钾供应时 ,各项指标受到氮源影响的程度都明显高于低钾处理 ,其中以硝态氮为氮源更有利于杂交水稻生理及营养优势特性的发挥。

Effects of nitrogen sources and potassium levels on growth and nutrient content of hybrid, its parent and conventional rice

Solution culture was carried out to study the effect of nitrogen sources and potassium supply levels on growth and chlorophyll content of hybrid rice, its parent lines, and conventional rice The results showed that the chlorophyll content, growth index, and nutrition content of different varieties were closely related to potassium supply levels and N sources Comparing to high K supply, low K supply for each variety resulted in lower plant height, shorter root length, less dry weight, and lower chlorophyll content Hybrid rice and its parent lines had greater response to N sources than conventional rice at the high potassium level Hybrid rice showed better heterosis when supplied with NO₃^--N under high K supply level than with either NH₄⁺/ NO₃^--or NH₄⁺-N