酸解羽毛粉研制生物有机肥及其促生效果研究

为提升生物有机肥料中功能微生物的数量,腐熟堆肥中添加外源氨基酸固态发酵功能菌是研制生物有机肥的主要手段。目前主要外源添加氨基酸菜粕的高成本严重阻碍了生物有机肥产业的发展。本试验通过研究酸解羽毛粉作为外源添加蛋白对固态发酵功能菌的影响及其所研制生物有机肥的促生效果,以开发生物有机肥新的原料配方。研究结果表明,腐熟堆肥中,随着酸解羽毛粉添加量的增加,所研制生物有机肥中功能菌的数量呈现先增加后下降趋势,为促进功能菌的增殖,酸解羽毛粉最优添加量为50 g/kg;盆栽试验结果表明,酸解羽毛粉作为外源蛋白添加制成的生物有机肥能够显著增加茄子和番茄株高、茎粗和SPAD值,移栽20天时,相比于对照,茄子分别增加19.02%、29.02%和4.80%;移栽50天时,番茄分别增加14.74%、18.70%和4.74%。研究结果表明,酸解羽毛粉作为外源蛋白添加剂能够有效增殖固体发酵过程中的功能菌,研制的低成本生物有机肥具有优异的促生效果,研究结果能够为生物有机肥产业的发展提供理论依据。

Developing Bio-organic Fertilizer with Hydrolyzed Feather Powders and Its Promotion Effects on Plant Growth

In order to improve the quality of bio-organic fertilizer (BIO), addition of amino acids to assist with the reproduction of the functional microbe inoculated into matured composts though solid-state fermentation is demonstrated to be an efficient way. An addition of significant quantity of oil rapeseed cakes could lead to a much better growth of microbial species added during the BIO preparation; however, the production costs significantly increased, thereby limiting large-scale extension of BIOs. This study investigated the possibility to produce bio-organic fertilizer (BIO) using hydrolyzed feather powder as a solid-state fermentation (SSF) medium. Results showed that the biomass of functional strain increased with the increasing amount of hydrolyzed feather powder added in the matured compost with best additive amount of 50 g/kg. Pot experiments showed that the produced BIO efficiently promoted eggplant and tomato growth; compared with the control, the new produced BIO increased the plant height, stem diameter and SPAD values by 19.02%, 29.02% and 4.80%, respectively, after transplanting for 20 days for eggplant; and by 14.74%, 18.70% and 4.74%, respectively, after transplanting for 50 days for tomato. In conclusion, supplemented with hydrolyzed feather powder showed certain advantages in solid-state fermentation of the PGPR strain and produced high quality bio-organic fertilizer which significantly promoted plant growth. Results could provide the theoretical and technical support for the development of BIOs.