陕西省土地利用变化的区域差异及成因分析

土地利用变化的区域差异综合反映了一个地区土地资源的优劣势和社会经济发展概况.土地利用变化差异及成因分析将为区域土地资源的可持续利用提供科学依据.采用土地利用动态度、土地相对变化率、土地利用强度和效益等指标,分析了1996 2009年陕北、关中和陕南3大区域的耕地、林地、居民点及工矿用地的时空变化差异及主要影响因素.结果表明,近14 a来,陕北、关中、陕南3大区域土地利用变化主要呈现耕地数量持续减少,林地、居民点及工矿用地增加的趋势.退耕还林还草工程的实施使陕北地区耕地明显减少而林地增加较快,陕北能源重化工基地的建设带动了该区域工矿用地的增长.关中地区经济建设的快速发展使该区域居民点及工矿用地增长显著,同时也是耕地减少的主要原因.陕南受秦巴山区自然和经济条件的限制,各类用地的变化较为缓慢,土地利用强度和效益明显低于陕北和关中地区.

Regional Differences of Land Use Changes and Influencing Factors in Shaanxi Province

Regional difference of land use changes is a comprehensive reflection of land resources and economic development in an area.Analysis on regional differences and influencing factors of land use changes provides a scientific basis for sustainable use of land resources.Temporal and spatial changes of cultivated land,forest land,residential land,and industry and mining land in the three large regions of Northern Shaanxi Province,Guanzhong District and Southern Shaanxi Province from 1996to 2009were analyzed by taking land use dynamic degree,relative change rate,land use intensity and benefit as indicators.Results showed that the area of cultivated land continued to decline and the areas of forest land,residential land,industry and mining land increased in the recent 14years.With the implementation of the returning farmland to forestland/grassland project,the area of cultivated land in Northern Shaanxi Province declined most obviously and forest land increased fast.Construction of the national energy and heavy chemical industry base has driven a rapid increase of industry and mining land in the district.Rapid economic development lead to the rapid growths of residential land,and industry and mining land in Guanzhong District,which was also the main cause for cultivated land decreasing in the area.With the limits of natural conditions and economic development in Qinling-Bashan Mountains of Southern Shaanxi Province,all types of land changes were relatively slow,and land use intensity and benefits were significantly low as compared to Guanzhong District and Northern Shaanxi Province.