青海高原牦牛遗传多样性研究

以中心产区简单随机抽样在青海省西宁市共抽取青海高原牦牛76头，用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）和水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术检测21个编码血液蛋白（酶）结构基因座及12个微卫星位点的多态性，并进行中性检验及连锁不平衡分析。结果表明：在所检测的21个血液蛋白基因座中，有6个存在多型，多态位点百分比为28．57％，12个微卫星位点全部为多态，共检测出63个等位基因；两层次标记所反映的群体内遗传变异水平均较低，21个血液蛋白基因座平均有效等位基因数、观察杂合度、期望杂合度和多态信息含量分别为1．118、0．0665、0．0729和0．0603，12个微卫星位点相应指标分别为2．9005、0．4138、0．5325和0．4903；除Alp外，其余5个血液蛋白多态基因座和12个微卫星位点均为中性基因。除Alp-CA、LDH1-ADH两对血液蛋白基因座和8对微卫星显著（P〈0．05）或极显著（P〈0．01）处于连锁不平衡状态外，其余13对血液蛋白基因座和58对微卫星均处于连锁平衡状态（P〉0．05）；另外，6个血液蛋白多态基因座、12个微卫星位点或是两者的合并数据从群体水平上均处于连锁平衡状态（P〉0．05）。

Study on Genetic Diversity of Qinhai Plateau Yak

A total of 76 individuals Qinhai plateau yak from Xining city,Qinhai province,were sampled randomly in typical colony.21 blood proteins and 12 microsatllite loci were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and starch gel electrophoresis(SGE).The Ewens-Watterson test for neutrality and genotypic disequilibrium for polymorphic loci were analyzed.The results showed that 6 out of 21 loci were polymorphism(28.57%) and all microsatllite loci were polymorphism.63 observed alleles were detected for 12 microsatllite loci.The level of genetic variation in Qinhai plateau yak population was low relatively from blood protein loci and microsatellite.The mean number of alleles per locus(MNA),the observed heterozygosity(Ho),the expected heterozygosity(He) and PIC for blood protein loci were 1.118,0.0665,0.0729 and 0.0603,respectively,and for microsatellite were 2.9005,0.4138,0.5325 and 0.4903,respectively.5 polymorphic blood protein loci and 12 microsatellite were neutral except Alp.They were in genotypic equilibrium for 6 polymorphic loci and 12 microsatellite besides Alp-CA,LDH1-ADH and 8 microsatellite pairs.Moreover they were in genotypic equilibrium from population level for 6 polymorphic loci and 12 microsatellite,or the combined data.