牧草中水溶性碳水化合物及其影响因素

水溶性碳水化合物是参与植物体新陈代谢的基本物质之一,其在植物体内的高低影响到植物的生长发育及植物生态适应能力。另外,提高牧草中水溶性碳水化合物的含量可以促进反刍动物对瘤胃内蛋白质的利用和干物质的吸收,不仅提高了奶蛋白产量,而且减少了温室气体的排放。因此,本研究综述了遗传、环境及草地管理等对牧草中水溶性碳水化合物含量及其在牧草体内运转与分配的影响,牧草体内水溶性碳水化合物含量的变化受到植物种类、取样部位和不同生长时期的影响。另外,其在植物体内的含量随温度、水分、盐等非生物因素及营养元素供应的改变亦有明显不同。

Characteristics of herbage water soluble carbohydrates and of factors influencing them

Water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) are one of the basic metabolic materials in plants and they influence plant growth, development and adaptability to harsh environments. In addition, an increase in WSC content can enhance the use efficiency of protein and dry mass in forage by herbivores, thereby not only enhancing protein production in milk, but also reducing CO₂ emissions from the animal’s rumen. In this paper, we summarize the characteristic of WSC in the plant influenced by the biotic and abiotic factors such as heredity, environment, and cultivation management. WSC contents of plants differed between plant species, organ positions and phonological phases. Environmental factors such as temperature, water, salt and nutrition contents also had major influences on WSC content.