Effect of altered carbohydrate traits in hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on nutrient profiles and availability and nitrogen to energy synchronization

Four hulless barley cultivars (zero-amylose waxy, CDC Fibar; 5%-amylose waxy, CDC Rattan; normal-amylose, CDC McGwire and high-amylose, HB08302) were developed at the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, with differences in carbohydrates traits on the basis of amylose (1–20% DM) and β-glucan (5–10% DM) content. The objectives of this research were to determine: 1) the effect of the alteration of these carbohydrate traits in hulless barley on nutrient availability in ruminants, and 2) carbohydrate structure conformation on hourly effective rumen degradation ratio, in comparison with hulled barley-CDC Copeland. Among the hulless barley lines, HB08302 was greater (P < 0.05) in rumen bypass crude protein (BCP: 52.1% CP), effective degradability (ED) of neutral detergent fibre (EDNDF: 74 g/kg DM) than these in CDC Fibar, whereas CDC Fibar showed greater (P < 0.05) effective degradable crude protein (EDCP: 90 g/kg DM) than the other hulless barley lines. Compared with hulless barley, the hulled CDC Copeland showed relatively greater (P < 0.05) BNDF (62.5% NDF or 98 g/kg DM), starch degradation rate (K_d: 17.4%/h) and EDST (75.9% ST) but reduced (P < 0.05) rumen undegradable protein (RUP: 49 g/kg DM). With the respect to hourly effective degradation (ED) ratios, hulless barley cultivars exhibited relatively optimal hourly ED ratios, ranging from 23 to 34 g N/kg CHO, higher than the hulled barley. Among hulless barley cultivars, CDC Fibar and Rattan had the highest (P < 0.05) ratios (34 g N/kg CHO), while the ratio for CDC McGwire (23 g N/kg CHO) was the lowest (P > 0.05). In conclusion, hulless barley lines with altered carbohydrate traits have the potential to increase rumen nutrient availability to ruminants. The altered carbohydrate conformation of hulless barley affected hourly ED ratios, thus affecting rumen nitrogen to energy synchronization.