磷酸二氢钙和氯化钾对氯化铵处理黄泥土水溶性铵态氮和硝态氮的影响

氮磷钾是农业生产中大量施用并且经常共同施用的肥料,三者在土壤中的相互作用对养分的迁移转化、吸收和代谢有着深远影响.本文模拟生产中氮磷钾肥料同施,研究了田间持水量条件下磷酸二氢钙、氯化钾对氯化铵处理土壤水溶性铵态氮和硝态氮的影响.结果表明,铵态氮施入土壤后,随着培养时间的延长,土壤中水溶性铵态氮含量下降,硝态氮含量升高,两者之间存在着显著相关性.磷酸二氢钙延缓了铵态氮向其他形态氮的转变,使培养中期土壤水溶性铵态氮显著高于氯化铵处理土壤,并对培养中后期硝态氮的增加有抑制作用.氯化钾增加了培养前中期氯化铵处理土壤铵态含量,但显著抑制了氯化铵处理土壤培养后期硝态氮的含量.因此,农业生产中氯化铵和氯化钾共施,氯化铵和磷酸二氢钙共施,氯化铵、氯化钾和磷酸二氢钙共施,对提高氮肥利用率,降低硝态氮淋失损失均有重要作用.

Effects of monocalcium phosphate and potassium chloride on water-soluble ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in paddy soil treated with ammonium chloride

In agriculture production, it is very common to apply considerable quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers by compounding or apply compound fertilizers, thus nutrients translocation, transformation, uptake and metabolism will be influenced profoundly by interaction of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soils. In this article, the effects of monocalcium phosphate and potassium chloride on water-soluble ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in paddy soil treated with ammonium chloride were studied. The results showed that content of water-soluble ammonium nitrogen decreased and that of nitrate nitrogen increased with the extension of culture time, and there was significant correlation between the decrease of water-soluble ammonium nitrogen content and the increase of nitrate nitrogen content. The content of water-soluble ammonium nitrogen in soil treated with monocalcium phosphate and ammonium chloride was significantly higher than that of soil treated with ammonium chloride at the middle culture time, because the transformation of ammonium nitrogen to other forms of nitrogen was retarded by monocalcium phosphate, the conten of nitrate nitrogen was inhibited by monocalcium phosphate at the middle and late culture time. The content of water-soluble ammonium nitrogen in soil treated with potassium chloride and ammonium chloride at the early and middle culture time increased compared with that of soil treated ammonium chloride, and the content of nitrate nitrogen was inhibited by potassium chloride at the late culture time. Thus, application of ammonium chloride and potassium chloride, or ammonium chloride and monocalcium phosphate, or ammonium chloride and monocalcium phosphate and potassium chloride together play important roles in improving nitrogen use efficiency and reducing nitrate leaching loss.