不同杂交组合与选择方法对大豆抗花叶病选育效果的比较

用对大豆花叶病抗性强度不同的7个大豆品种,配置6个杂交组合。杂种后代采用系谱法、混选法、摘荚法和综合法进行选择,至第5代各选优良单株25株。于1988年播种600个(6个组合×4种选择法×25个单株)株行,从四个方面进行抗病性鉴定,探讨不同杂交组合方式和不同选择方法对抗大豆花叶病的选育效果。结果表明:用高抗材料作亲本能使后代分离出较多的抗病材料,高抗×中感的选配方式可能优于中抗×中抗的组合。大豆杂交后代,在抗大豆花叶病方面可能发生正负两个方向的超亲遗传。不同选择方法的效果顺序为:系谱法>综合法>混选法>摘荚法。

COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS AMONG VARIOUS BREEDING METHODS AND CROSSES ON RESISTANCE TO SOYBEAN MOSAIC VIRUS(SMV)

Six cross of 7 varieties with differentiated resistance to SMV were made in 1982. Four selection methods (pedigree, bulk, pecking-pod and synthesis) were used from generation F 2 to F 5, and 25 rows derived from each method were used to evaluate the resistant effectiveness at F6.Results showed that significant difference was expressed in effectiveness among crosses and selection methods on resistance to SMV. The resistant effectiveness of the cross of two high resistant parents is the best and next is the cross "high resistnat x Medium resistant" , The cross "high resistant x medium susceptidle" was better than the cross of two medium resistant parents. Some progenies of soybean crosses positively or negatively transgressed their parents in the resistance to SMV. The sequence of effectiveness among various selection methods was: pedigres>synthesis >bulk>picking-pod. The analysis of variance showed no significant differences at 5% level between pedigree and synthesis; and bulk and picking-pod yet the difference was extremely significant at 1% level among other methods.