Temperature-dependent and surface specific formaldehyde degradation in submerged biofilters |
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| Institution: | 1. WorldFish, Bangladesh and South Asia office, Bangladesh;2. IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, P.O. Box 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid. Spain;3. Department of Agricultural, Food & Resource Economics, Michigan State University, United States;1. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Thormøhlens gate 53D, 5006 Bergen Norway;2. Gildeskål Forskningsstasjon AS, 8140 Inndyr, Norway;3. Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland, PO Box 1490, Bodø Norway |
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| Abstract: | This study investigated formaldehyde removal in submerged fixed media biofilters in commercial and pilot scale recirculation aquaculture systems. Steady removal of formaldehyde (F) was observed immediately after simulated therapeutic treatment in closed systems and complete removal occurred within 1–4 days depending on water temperature. Formaldehyde removal was dependent on available biofilter surface area, and comparable rates of surface specific removal (SSR) were observed in two different systems. SSR was positively correlated to temperature (Q10 = 3.4) with estimates of 2.1 mg F/(m2 h) at 5.7 °C to 6.5 ± 0.2 mg F/(m2 h) at 14.5 °C. The estimates for SSR of formaldehyde can be used to predict actual treatment and effluent concentration with more accuracy. Furthermore, the results allow calculation on biofilter removal capacity of formaldehyde, applicable for developing biofilters ensuring sufficient formaldehyde removal in effluent water. |
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