近58年来我国大陆极端气温变化特征

利用1954—2011年我国大陆142站逐日最高、最低气温资料,采用EOF等统计分析方法,分析了近58年来我国大陆极端气温的基本变化特征,并探讨其对气候变暖的响应程度。结果表明,近58年我国大陆年极端最低气温呈上升趋势,年极端最高气温也呈递增趋势,并且20世纪90年代以来这种趋势表现较为明显;我国大陆极端最低气温主要受冬季风和太阳辐射影响,极端最高气温主要受地形影响。极端气温在时间分布上表现为:极端高温年代际变化是20世纪90年代前递减,90年代后递增;年极端高温事件发生频次除塔里木盆地外均对区域性增暖呈显著的正响应。

Change Characteristics of Extreme Temperature in Mainland China in Recent 58 Years

Using the daily maximum and minimum temperature data of 142 stations in Mainland China from 1954 to 2011,the basic change characteristics of extreme temperature in mainland China in recent 58 years were analyzed by EOF and other statistical analysis methods,and the response degree to climate warming was discussed.The results showed that the extreme minimum temperature was increasing in the past 58 years,and the extreme maximum temperature was increasing,and the trend was more obvious since the 1990s.The extreme minimum temperature was mainly affected by the winter monsoon and solar radiation,the extreme maximum temperature was mainly affected by the terrain.For the time variations,extreme temperature distribution showed that decadal changes in extreme high temperature with deceasing trend in the 1990s,and increasing after the 1990s;which showed positive response to the regional warming in addition to the Tarim basin.