黑宝石1号小麦高产栽培密肥技术优化

[目的]对黑宝石1号高产栽培密肥技术进行研究。[方法]采用种植密度、肥料二因素不同处理水平裂区设计试验,对黑宝石1号在不同种植密度和施肥水平条件下,其生育期、群个体茎蘖动态、植株性状、穗粒结构及其丰产性和抗逆性进行了研究,探明黑宝石1号在江苏沿江地区种植不同密度、施肥水平对其群个体发育和产量的影响,并通过多元非线性回归分析,寻求高产技术农艺措施。[结果]种植密度过低不利于形成足穗,种植密度过高又会影响每穗实粒数,肥料过少会制约群个体发育,肥料过多又会影响每穗粒数和粒重,且容易造成倒伏。合理的密肥组合可使群个体间协调发展,平衡穗、粒、重三者关系,获得较高的产量。在基本苗239.6万/hm~2、施N量237.7 kg/hm~2时,具有最大产量潜力7 384.3 kg/hm~2。产量7 200 kg/hm~2的密肥合理区间为基本苗200万~270万/hm~2、施N量220~260 kg/hm~2或者基本苗210万~260万/hm~2、施N量210~270 kg/hm~2。[结论]该研究可为制订黑宝石1号高产栽培技术措施提供理论依据。

Technology Optimization on Density and Fertilizer for High-yield Cultivation of Wheat Variety Heibaoshi 1

[Objective]To study technology of density and fertilizer for high-yield cultivation of the wheat variety Heibaoshi 1.[Method]Through the split plot design experiment with different factors level of density and fertilizer,the wheat variety Heibaoshi 1 was studied on its growth period, group stem tillers dynamics, plant traits, grain structure, high yielding and resistance.To prove the effects of different density and fertilizer levels on the group-individual development and yield for Heibaoshi 1 planting in the areas along the Yangtze river, look for high yield technology through the multivariate nonlinear regression analysis.[Result]The low density will affect the number of panicles.High density will affect the number of grain per panicle.The little fertilizer will restrict development of group-individual.The exceeded fertilizer will affect the number of grain per panicle and 1 000-grain weight,and it is easy to cause lodging.The reasonable density-fertilizer combination makes coordinated development between the group and individual,balance the relations of panicle-grains-weight, to obtain higher yield.The maximum yield potential is 7 384.3 kg/hm2 when the basic seedlings is 239.6×104 /hm2 and N application rate is 237.7 kg/hm2.The density-fertilizer reasonable interval to obtain yield over 7 200 kg/hm2 is the basic seedlings in 200×104-270×104/hm2 and N application rate in 220-260 kg/hm2,or the basic seedlings in 210×104-260×104/hm2 and N application rate in 210-270 kg/hm2.[Conclusion]The study can provide a theoretical basis for formulating high yeild cultivation techniques of Heibaoshi 1.