我国草田轮作的历史、理论与实践概览

大力推行草田轮作对我国农业结构调整及农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究概括了我国从作物连作制出现到草田轮作的发展历史;归纳了草田轮作的增产、减少病虫害及杂草危害、改土肥田、保持水土等生态效益和经济效益;总结了我国南亚热带地区“黑麦草→水稻”轮作等7个主要草田轮作模式;以草地农业理论为指导,结合我国粮食安全、农业结构调整、水土保持和农牧民致富需求阐述了大力推行草田轮作的现实必要性;从政策保障、理论指导和技术支撑3个方面论述了实行草田轮作的可行性;分析了我国2次“种草高潮”的经验得失,提出了今后应重点加强农业结构优化研究、草田轮作模式构建与示范以及满足草田轮作需要的作物及牧草品种选育等建议。

History, theory and practice of pasture-crop rotation in China: A review

The vigorous implementation of pasture-crop rotation is of great significance to the current agricultural structure adjustment and agricultural sustainable development in China.This paper summarizes the developmental history of Chinese agriculture,from continuous cropping systems to pasture-crop rotation,and recapitulates the ecological and economic benefits of pasture-crop rotation such as increasing output,reducing weeds,pests and diseases,improving soil fertility,maintaining water and soil.Seven existing major pasture-crop rotation models in China such as the "ryegrass→rice" rotation in south Asian tropics of China are summarized.The energy-driven pasture-crop rotation becomes necessary,according to the theory of agro-grassland system,for combining national food security,agricultural structure restructuring,water-soil conservation,and the demand for wealth.The feasibility of implementing pasture-crop rotation for policy assurance,theoretical guidance and technical support are also discussed.The focus should be put on strengthening the pasture-crop rotation models and demonstration research with regional representation,and with breeding crops and pastures to meet the needs of future pasture-crop rotation.The gains and losses from the two "herbage seed upsurge" should be compared.