植物传染性病害发生型浅析

本文通过病例资料分析，根据植物传染性病害病原物的寄生性、寄主植物的感病性和环境条件变化对其发生的影响作用等，提出植物传染性病害发生型理论，初步将植物传染性病害的发生情况分为：１）强寄生性－寄主主导作用发生型；２）强寄生性－环境主导作用发生型；３）强寄生性－寄主与环境协同作用发生型；４）强寄生性－全期侵染作用发生型；５）强寄生性－系统侵染作用发生型；６）弱寄生性－伤口主导作用发生型；７）弱寄生性－环境主导作用发生型；８）弱寄生性－伤口与环境协同作用发生型；９）弱寄生性－寄主衰老或衰弱诱促作用发生型等９种类型．植物传染性病害发生型理论，从“植病三角”关系探讨和揭示了不同传染性病害发生的特点与规律，对做好病害发生的预测预报和制订有效防治措施具有重要的理论意义和实践价值．

A Preliminary Analysis of the Developmental Types of Infectious Plant Diseases

A hypothesis of developmental types of infectious plant diseases was advanced on the analyses of the parasitism of pathogens, the susceptibility of host plants and the effect of environment on the development of infectious plant diseases. According to the new theory, infectious plant diseases were preliminarily grouped under 9 types, namely 1) hostorientating, caused by strong parasites; 2) environment-orientating, caused by strong parasites; 3) affected by hosts and environment together, caused by strong parasites; 4)frequently infected during the growing seasons of the hosts by strong parasites; 5)systematically infected by strong parasites; 6)wound-orientating, canused by weak parasites;7) environment-orientating, caused by weak parasites; 8) affected by wounds of the hosts and environment together, caused by weak parasites; 9)induced by the aged and weakened hosts, caused by weak parasites. The theory is practical and useful for recognising the characteristics and the regularity of the development of the diseases and it is very helpful for forecasting and controlling the diseases.