苹果垢斑病和煤点病的发生规律及防治

苹果垢斑病和煤点病近年在云南省丽江、昆明等地发生严重，发病率高达９０％，描述了垢班病和煤点病症状。经病原鉴定垢斑病病原为仁果粘壳孢菌Ｇｌｏｅｏｄｅｓ　ｐｏｍｉｇｎａ（Ｓｃｈｕ）Ｃｏｌｂｙ；煤点病病原为仁果裂盾菌Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｔｈｙｒｉｕｍｐｏｍｉ（Ｍｏｎｔ）ｖ．Ａｒｘ；两病多混合发生，气候冷凉，雨量多，湿度大，日照少，果园地势低洼，树龄１５年以上发病严重；海拔２８００ｍ以上，８月份平均气温１５℃以下的地区很少发病；金冠对两病均感病，富丽、红星较抗病；药效试验百菌清和波尔多液效果好，防效达９０％以上，可作大面积防治选用药剂。

The Occurrence and Control of Gloeodes pomigna (Schu) Colby and Schizothyrium pomi (Mont) v.Arx on Apple Trees

The occurrence and control of the diseases by Gloeodes pomigna (Schu) Colby andSchizothyrium pomi (Mont) v. Arx on apple trees in Lijiang County and some the other areas inYunnan Province were studied. Results showed sometimes more than 90% of apple trees could beattacked. The syndrome characters were described. These two diseases always happen together.The situation was much more serious on the trees of more than 15 years old, or on the lowerplaces, and or on cool and humid place with less sunlight. In Lijiang Prefecture, the appearancethese diseases was in early July, and became serious in late August. However, in Kunming district, the beginning and epidemic of diseases were 10 or 15 days later. In general, the diseases seldom occur in the places where elevation are of 2800 meters and with mean temperature in Augustof lower than 15℃. The sensibility and resistibility to these diseases among the different apple varieties are different. Experiments showed Chlorothalonil and Bordeaux mixture were effective fortheir control.