猕猴桃林下套种大豆土壤微生物群落结构分析

【目的】揭示套种大豆对猕猴桃林下微生物群落组成结构的影响，分析猕猴挑林下种植大豆土壤微生物群落结构和未种植大豆的猕猴桃林下土壤微生物群落结构变化，为研究猕猴桃种植土壤微生态改良和绿色种植以及提高偏远山区土地单位面积经济效益提供理论依据和技术支持。【方法】通过高通量测序检测猕猴桃林下不同土壤样品中微生物群落丰度，分析猕猴桃林下土壤样品与套种大豆的土壤样品中微生物群落丰度与结构组成的差异性，探究猕猴桃林下套种大豆对土壤微生物群落结构和多样性的影响。采集种植大豆和未种植大豆的猕猴桃林下土壤样品进行预处理、DNA 提取和 PCR 扩增，再基于 Illumina MiSeq 高通量测序方法对扩增产物进行检测、纯化和定量，建库测序，数据分析，了解不同样本土壤微生物群落分类结构、丰富度和多样性，确定优势菌群。【结果】通过Tags 丰度和 OTU 的质控与统计的结果显示，种植大豆的土壤（EK）扩增微生物群落丰富度和多样性高于未种植大豆土壤（CK）；多样性分析显示，EK 和 CK 的微生物群落构成差异明显；微生物群落结构分析表明，EK 和 CK 在科、属、种水平上占据的比例平均值分别为 27.06% 和 28.11%、32.66% 和 29.33%、0.46% 和 0.37%，EK 土壤微生物群落在属、种水平上均高于 CK；6 个土壤样品共得到 651 883 条有效序列，经聚类后 EK 与 CK 分别获得 4 740 个和 4 551 个 OTU；LEfSe 分析结果显示，CK 有 19 个优势菌群，而 EK 有 41 个优势菌群，其中变形菌门（Proteobacteria）为 EK 的优势门，根瘤菌科剑菌属（Ensifer）的剑菌（Ensifer adhaerens）为 EK 的优势菌。【结论】猕猴桃套种大豆改变了土壤微生物群落结构，增加了土壤微生物群落丰富度和多样性以及土壤优势菌群数和有益菌群。综上，猕猴桃林下套种大豆对改善土壤的有效成分和提高土壤肥力有重要促进作用。

Analysis of Interplanting Soybean under Kiwifruit Forest on Soil Microbial Community Structure

【Objective】This study aims to reveal the effects of interplanting soybean under kiwifruit forests on soil microbial community structure, and analyze the changes in soil microbial community structure under kiwifruit plantations with and without soybeans, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support, for studying the soil microecological improvement and green planting of kiwifruit, as well as the improvement of economic benefits per unit area of land in remote mountainous areas.【Method】The abundance of microbial communities in different soil samples under kiwifruit forests was detected by using high-throughput sequencing. The differences in microbial abundance and structural composition in soil samples under kiwifruit forests and those interplanted with soybeans were analyzed. The impact of interplanting soybeans under kiwifruit forests on the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities were explored. Firstly, the soils planting with soybeans under kiwifruit forest and the soils non-planting with soybeans were collected for pretreatment, DNA extraction and PCR amplification, and then the products were detected, purified and quantified based on Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing method, and database for sequencing was built. The community classification structure, microbial abundance and diversity, and the dominant flora species were determined by data analysis【Result】The quality control and statistical results of Tags abundance and OTU showed that the microbial abundance and diversity in soils planting soybean (EK) were higher than non-planting soybean (CK). The diversity analysis showed the composition of microbial communities exhibited significant differences between EK and CK. The analysis of microbial community structure showed that the average proportions of EK and CK at family, genus, and species levels are 27.06% and 28.11%, 32.66% and 29.33%, 0.46% and 0.37%, respectively, and the soil microbial community of EK was higher than that of CK at genus and species levels. A total of 651 883 valid sequences were obtained from 6 soil samples, and the 4 740 and 4 551 OTUs were obtained by clustering for EK and CK, respectively. The LEfSe analysis showed that there were 19 dominant microbial groups in CK, while 41 dominant microbial groups in EK. Among them, Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum and Ensifer adhaerens, a member of the Rhizobiaceae family, was the dominant bacterium of EK.【Conclusion】The structure of soil microbial community was changed when soybean were interplaned under kiwifruit forests, and the abundance and diversity of soil microbial community, as well as the number of dominant and beneficial microbial communities in soils were increased. In summary, intercropping soybeans under kiwifruit forests has an important effect on improving the soil effective components and increasing soil fertility.