餐厨垃圾发酵饲料替代部分基础日粮对肉鸡生长性能和肉质风味的影响

【目的】将餐厨垃圾发酵产生的饲料部分替代基础日粮饲喂麻黄肉鸡，评价其可行性和有效性，以期为餐厨垃圾饲料资源化利用和推广提供基础数据。【方法】选取 1 日龄麻黄肉鸡，分别在基础日粮中添加 0%（CK）、10%、20% 发酵餐厨垃圾饲料（Fermented kitchen waste feed，FKWF），并相应减少等量的基础日粮。试验期 63 d，测定麻黄肉鸡的生长性能、屠宰性能和鸡肉中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙、磷、锌、硒、肌苷酸和氨基酸等营养性能指标。【结果】肉鸡生长性能结果显示，10%、20% FKWF 组肉鸡与 CK 组之间的料重比差异不显著，但 10% FKWF 组肉鸡增重最高。屠宰性能结果显示，10%、20% FKWF 组肉鸡肤色、肌肉组织弹性、pH 和气味均无异常，与 CK 组相比脏器系数差异不显著。鸡肉营养性能结果显示，10%、20% FKWF 组鸡肉中粗蛋白含量较 CK 组分别增加 7.50% 和3.42%，磷含量分别显著增加 11.44% 和 4.37%，肌苷酸含量分别显著增加 7.10% 和 6.00%；10%、20% FKWF 组鸡肉中鲜味氨基酸（FAA）、甜味氨基酸（SAA）、必需氨基酸（EAA）和氨基酸总量（TAA）均显著高于 CK；10% FKWF 组中天门冬氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸和半胱氨酸较CK 显著提高 4.49%~12.79%；20% FKWF 组中天门冬氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸较 CK 组显著提高 3.37%~5.74%。【结论】餐厨垃圾发酵产生的生物饲料按一定比例替代肉鸡基础日粮是可行和有效的，可节省饲料成本，提高经济效益。

Effects of Partial Replacement of Basal Diets by Fermented Kitchen Waste Feed on Growth Performance and Meat Flavor of Broilers

【Objective】The study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of feeds produced by fermented kitchen waste to spotted-brown chickens as a partial replacement of basal diets, with a view to providing basic data for the resource utilization and promotion of kitchen waste feed.【Method】One-day-old spotted-brown chickens were selected, and 0% (CK), 10% and 20% fermented kitchen waste feeds (FKWF) were added to the basal diet, and the amount of basal diet was reduced accordingly. At the 63rd day of the test period, the growth performance, slaughter performance and nutritional performance indexes such as crude protein, crude fat, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, selenium, inosinic acid and amino acids in chicken meat were measured.【Result】The results of broiler growth performance showed that the differences in feed-to-weight ratios between broilers in the 10% and 20% FKWF groups and CK were not significant, however, broilers in the 10% FKWF group had the highest weight. The results of slaughter performance showed that there were no abnormality in the skin color, muscle tissue elasticity, pH and odor of broilers of 10% and 20% FKWF groups, and the differences in organ coefficients were not significant compared with that of CK; the results of muscle nutritional performance showed that the crude protein contents of chicken meat in 10% and 20% FKWF groups increased by 7.50% and 3.42%, phosphorus contents increased significantly by 11.44% and 4.37%, and inosinic acid contents increased significantly by 7.10% and 6.00% ; the fresh-flavored amino acid (FAA), sweet amino acid (SAA), essential amino acid (EAA), and total amino acid (TAA) were significantly higher in 10% and 20% FKWF groups than those in CK; aspartic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine and cysteine were significantly increased by 4.49%to 12.79% compared with CK ; aspartic acid, valine, isoleucine,and leucine in the 20% FKWF group were significantly increased by 3.37% and 5.74%, compared with CK . 【Conclusion】It is feasible and effective to replace the basal diet by a certain proportion of biofeed produced by fermented kitchen waste to feed broilers, which can save feed costs and improve economic benefits.