电子鼻在果蔬贮藏保鲜中应用的研究进展

果蔬采后变化是一个复杂的生物学过程，涉及成熟、衰老和死亡等多个阶段，导致果蔬内部物质发生一系列生理、生化和微生物变化，从而影响果蔬的品质和风味。气味是果蔬品质和风味的重要指标之一，与果蔬品种、成熟度、新鲜度和采后病害等因素具有密切关系。传统的气味分析方法主要包括仪器分析（如气相色谱 - 质谱联用）和感官分析，但这些方法存在局限性，如气相色谱 - 质谱联用不能全面反映样品的整体风味，且样品前处理复杂、检测耗时长、技术成本高等；而感官分析受主观因素影响较大。电子鼻作为一种模拟生物嗅觉系统的仪器，能够快速、客观和准确地检测和识别气味信号，逐渐成为果蔬贮藏保鲜领域的研究热点。综述电子鼻在果蔬品种与产地鉴定、成熟度判断、新鲜度检测、采后病害监测、果蔬农药残留和品质评价等方面的应用进展，并分析电子鼻在实际应用中面临的挑战和问题，展望果蔬采后精准化检测的未来发展趋势，以及提出了电子鼻向专一化、智能化、实用化方向改进的可能途径，为实现果蔬品质精准化检测提供参考和技术支持。

Research Progress on the Application of Electronic Nose in Storage and Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables

Postharvest change in fruits and vegetables is a complex biological process that involves multiple stages such as maturity, senescense and death, leading to a series of physiological, biochemical and microbial changes in the internal substances of fruits and vegetables, thereby affecting their quality and flavor. Scent is one of the important indicators of fruit and vegetable quality and flavor, which is closely related to factors such as variety, maturity, freshness and postharvest diseases. Traditional flavor analysis methods mainly include instrumental analysis (such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS) and sensory analysis, however, these methods have some limitations. For example, GC-MS cannot fully reflect the overall flavor of the sample, and sample pre-treatment is complex, with long detection time and high technical costs. Sensory analysis is greatly influenced by subjective factors. As an instrument that simulates biological olfactory systems, electronic nose can quickly, objectively and accurately detect and recognize odor signals, gradually becoming a research hotspot in the field of storage and preservation of fruits and vegetables. This article reviews the application progress of electronic nose in fruit and vegetable variety and origin identification, maturity judgment, freshness detection, post harvest disease monitoring, pesticide residue and quality evaluation, and analyzes the challenges and problems faced by electronic nose in practical application. It also offers a prosect for the future development trend of precise postharvest detection of fruits and vegetables, and possible ways to improve electronic nose towards specialization, intelligence and practicality, which provides theoretical references and technical support for achieving precise detection of fruit and vegetable quality.